THEME: NEW DIRECTION AND UNCOMMON CHANGES SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN NATIONS’ TRANSFORMATION: MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
DATE: 3OTH NOVEMBER, 2023
VENUE: LECTURE THEATRE HALL, FACULTY OF EDUCATION, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ABU ZARIA, ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
ORGANIZERS: AFRICAN SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS:
DIPOLE ANTENNA DESIGN LEVERAGING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
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ABSTRACT
Dipole antennas are the commonest and simplest type of antennas in terms of design. Antenna Engineers and researchers have been looking for ways to design dipole antenna that can address specific needs of their clients, without incurring additional expenses on the available resources. Therefore, optimization techniques becomes necessary to be leveraged in order to design cost-effective antennas. This paper presents dipole antenna and its varieties as well as different optimization techniques that can be leveraged to design dipole Omni-directional antennas that can stand the test of time. Most dipole antenna designs carried out by some researchers did not include integrating optimization techniques in their approach. Clients are looking for cost effective solutions, to this end; designing dipole Omni-directional antennas leveraging optimization is becoming increasingly popular among researchers and antenna design Engineers in the field of Telecommunications. This paper presents a technical review on the subject matter of dipole antenna design leveraging optimization techniques to design better dipole antennas.
Keywords: Optimization, dipole Antenna, Omnidirectional, design, Radio
AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CONTROL MECHANISMS ON PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE IN CAMEROON
PROF. NJIMANTED GODFREY FORGHA (PhD)
Economics and Quantitative Methods, Higher Institute of Commerce and Management, the University of Bamenda, Bambili, North West Region of Cameroon.
Abstract
Numerous factors have been identified by previous studies to been involved in government revenue correction and spending in Africa in general and Cameroon in particular amongst which include population size, social needs, rising income levels, internal crisis, changes in political structure, rising inflation among others. Taxation is one of the major sources of government income and expenditure in Cameroon and beyond. The major issue here is how best can these taxes be collected and spent so as to maximised the welfare of Cameroonians? It is on this ground that this study is designed to evaluate the extent to which financial control mechanisms could yield effective tax collection performance in the economy of Cameroon. The study reveals that the control of government effectiveness in revenue collection, financial regulations in revenue collection, participatory democracy, broad money supply, inflation rate enhance tax revenue in Cameroon. At the same time, deposit interest rate, the Gini coefficient index as a measure of inequality and life expectancy are birth are capable of retarding tax revenue collection in Cameroon. Based on the finding of the study we strongly recommend that for tax revenue to be properly collected and used for the management of the economy of Cameroon, there is need for the true practice of decentralization. By this, regional autonomy and job security should be guaranteed, law should guide the driving of professionalism for effective revenue collection and utilisation, moral education should be enforced at all levels and made compulsory for both private and public institutions of learning, corruption should be taken care of by improving upon the quality of insurance policies and practices in Cameroon, policy on price control and quality control, existed in the 60s and 70s law in Cameroon need to be reactivated. Retirement ages in Cameroon need to be respected for office holders automatically. Manual check should be reduced in favour of the automatic electronic checks in all revenue collection while realistic budgeting put in place, the users of the budget participate fully in the development, drafting implement of the budget. In fact we call for total financial discipline in Cameroon.
KEYWORDS: Participatory Democracy, Moral Education; Tax Revenue; Broad Money Supply; Inflation; Life Expectancy at Birth.
THE STATUS OF E-LEARNING IN KUJE CORRECTIONAL CENTER ABUJA
1ADAMU A. S.; AND 1LAWAL, L. A. T
1Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State
ABSTRACT
There is recharged hopefulness by the Nigerian correctional Help to advance Far off Learning in Custodial focuses through the Public Open College. This is in accordance with the Unified Countries objective of Basic liberties act, by which learning ought to be open for all paying little heed to social prohibition reasons, like detainment. Moreover, to the choice of E – learning, these proposition chances of consistent learning ways at auxiliary and Tertiary level. In spite of this large number of advantages, it has demonstrated testing to find spaces upgraded for training in Nigerian correctional facilities, substantially less intended to help their instructive requirements. This examination is pointed toward looking for further developed approaches to arranging and planning correctional facilities so as to give very much planned spaces to E-learning. This can be accomplished by distinguishing existing plan issues related with E-learning and looking for approaches to settling them. As well as survey of existing writing to comprehend exercises related with training through E-learning. Notwithstanding, contextual investigations of existing correctional facilities that have put forth attempt in giving spaces to E-learning will be done and fitting them to suite our nearby setting. The discoveries of the review uncover that schooling in restorative habitats emphatically affects recidivism. Overview research was embraced for the review and an organized poll was utilized as the instrument for gathering information.
APPRAISAL OF OKUN TRADITIONAL ELEMENTS ON PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN KABBA, KOGI STATE
OYENUHI G.E.; AND EZE C.J.
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract
Culture can be expressed through language, art, and architecture, which depict the culture, social status, and values of a people. Traditional building elements, such as carvings, sculptures, and paintings, are essential for preserving cultural heritage. In Okun, Nigeria, a study was conducted to evaluate the use of traditional elements in public buildings, such as event centers and hotels. The research involved 420 questionnaires administered to indigenes and residents and analysed using descriptive statistics and relative importance index revealing that the application of Okun traditional elements aids in preserving cultural identity. The majority of respondents believed that religion and civilization serve as major drawbacks in the application of cultural elements to buildings. The study concluded that the use of pictorial storytelling and object paintings should be prioritized for promoting and preserving the culture of the Okun people. The research recommends adequate sensitization and prioritization of the use of cultural elements in building design.
Keywords: Okun decorative elements, murals, cultural preservation, public buildings.
INTEGRATING GREEN ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES IN THE DESIGN OF OFFICE BUILDING TOWARDS IMPROVED ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN ABUJA, NIGERIA.
IDOWU, D.F.; AND.ABDULRAHMAN, M.E
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
ABSTRACTS
The growing concerns over the adverse effects of buildings on the environment and the need to achieve users’ thermal, visual, acoustic, spatial, and indoor environmental air quality comfort have given rise to the demand for energy-efficient buildings. This study aims to integrate green architecture principles into the design of an office building in Abuja, Nigeria, with the goal of improving artificial energy consumption for optimal building performance. The research instrument that was employed for data collection was the survey questionnaire administered to professionals in the built industry and occupants of office buildings. Four hundred and sixty five (465) questionnaires were administered to the study population, and three hundred fifty (350) questionnaires (75%) retrieved. The analysis of the data was carried out using descriptive analysis, percentage, and mean item score. The findings revealed that respondents agreed that the energy use and activities in office buildings in Abuja led to an increase in the amount spent on fuel (MIS = 4.32). The findings further revealed that the respondents agreed that green architecture policies should be enforced in Nigeria (MIS = 4.40). The findings revealed that the office environment in relation to the following: natural lighting and natural ventilation (MIS = 3.44 and 3.31) are good. The study concluded that integrating green architecture principles is necessary for improving energy consumption in the design of office buildings. It was recommended that designers should ensure the implementation of proper design and orientation, leveraging climatic conditions and the use of more efficient equipment, which helps reduce energy consumption, consequently leading to a reduction in energy bills, improved indoor air quality, and lower carbon emissions.
Keywords: Green Architecture Principles, Energy Efficiency and Office Buildings
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) DISCLOSURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS (DMBS) IN NIGERIA.
AKINBODE, FEYISAYO AANUOLUWAPO; OMOBA, OPEYEMI OMOTOLA; OKEWALE, JOEL ADENIYI; & ADEDEJI, SAMUEL BABATUNJI
Department of Accounting, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The study focused on analyzing the impact of IFRS disclosure on the financial performance of DMBs in Nigeria following its adoption. This is with a view to examine the impact of IFRS disclosure on DMBs profitability, Liquidity and investment in Nigeria. The study selected ten out of fifteen quoted banks in Nigeria using purposive sampling and analyzed their financial statements from 2015 to 2019. Panel data analysis was conducted to test the statistical significance of IFRS disclosures on the financial performance of deposit money banks. The findings revealed that profitability and liquidity were significantly independent predictors of IFRS disclosures while investment ratio is insignificant because the R² value of (70.24%, 63.74%, 09.42%), this suggests that profitability and liquidity are more influential in predicting IFRS disclosures compared to the investment ratio A high R² value indicates a strong relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. This indicates that adoption of IFRS disclosures relatively account for systematic variance in financial performance of DMBs, therefore, the null hypothesis Ho1 and Ho2 were rejected while Ho3 was accepted. The result depicts that the influence of adoption of IFRS disclosure do not occur by chance since the coefficient values of (0.0295, 0.4181, 1.9224, 0.0439) and probability values (0.678, 0.000, 0.000, 0.425) indicate an increase in (Gross Profit Margin, Return on Asset, Net Profit Margin, Return on Capital Employed) result to increase in Profitability. The coefficient values of (0.3265, 0.0379, -0.0213, – 0.0719) and probability values (0.000, 0.588, 0.538, 0.298) also indicates that only liquidity Ratio has a positive coefficient and significant effect on Market price per share of Nigeria deposit money banks and Non-Performing Loan has no significant effect, while Cost to Income Ratio (CITR) has insignificant negative influence on Market price per share of Nigeria deposit money banks and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) has significant negative influence on Market price per share of Nigeria deposit money banks. The coefficient values of ( -0.7626, 0.0075, 0.0135, -0.0018) and probability values (0.963, 0.907, 0.790, 0.997) revealed that only EPS and CAD has a positive coefficient with insignificant influence on Market price per share of Nigeria deposit money banks while Price Earnings Ratio (PER) has insignificant negative influence on Market price per share of deposit money banks in Nigeria and only Total Debt to Total Asset Ratio (DR) has significant negative influence on Market price per share of Nigerian’s deposit money banks. Evidence from the study shows that at 5 per cent significance: IFRS disclosures have a significant effect on Nigerian Deposit Money Banks profitability and liquidity while IFRS disclosures have no significant effect on DMBs investment in Nigeria. Based on the results, the study concludes that adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) disclosures has significant impact on the financial performance of DMBs in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria should adopt and fully implement International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to maximize its impact on their performance. Additionally, DMBs should closely monitor financial ratios as they have a significant impact on performance.
Keywords: International Financial Reporting Standards, Profitability, Liquidity, Investment.
EFFECT OF BANK-SPECIFIC ATTRIBUTES ON NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
WUYEP, TONY LOHVEN (PhD); & EZE, FELICIA (PhD)
Department of Entrepreneurship Studies, Bingham University, Karu
Abstract
Financial stability in the banking sector of every economy largely depends on the quality of the risk assets and bank attributes have also been identified by scholars as one of the significant determinants of the quality of bank credit. This study examined the effect of bank-specific attributes on non-performing loans (NPLs) in deposit money banks in Nigeria. Study proxies include, ownership concentration, operational efficiency, capital adequacy, return on asset and loan-to-asset ratio for the period 2011-2022. Ex-post-facto research design was employed and population comprised of all the listed deposit money banks on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange group. Data was sourced from annual audited accounts and financial reports of the listed deposit money banks. Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and panel regression techniques were the main statistical tools used in the analysis of data. Findings showed that ownership concentration and capital adequacy have negative and insignificant effect on non-performing loans while operational efficiency has a positive and insignificant effect on non-performing loans. Similarly, loan-to-asset ratio has a positive and significant effect while return on asset has a positive and significant effect on non-performing loans. Based on these findings, the study concludes that the loan portfolio quality of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria is determined by bank-specific attributes such as capital adequacy, operational efficiency, and loan-to-asset ratio. The study thus recommends that banks should intensify their lending efforts with greater efficiency to curb the rising position of bad credit in the banking sector. Furthermore, banks should adhere strictly to regulatory guidelines on debt ratio measures using well-trained and competent personnel to limit the deteriorating position of non-performing loans in the banking sector.
Keywords: Bank specific attributes, ownership concentration, operational efficiency, capital adequacy, return on asset, loan to asset ratio, non-performing loan,
EFFECTS OF MANPOWER PLANNING ON PERFORMANCE OF ACADEMIC STAFF PERFORMANCE AT FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC MUBI ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA – A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
1IBRAHIM AHMED; 2SOLOMON PETER ADAH; AND 3BALARABE SALISU, Ph.D.
1,2Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty Management Sciences, Baze University, Abuja –Nigeria 3Entrepreneurship Education Department, School of Secondary Education (Business), Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi, P.M.B 3473 Kano m- Nigeria
Abstract
Poor academics job performance in Nigerian Universities is the key factor why education sector suffers of which if left unaddressed will have a multiply effect not only in the affected universities or education sector in particular but the other sectors in general. This study proposal intended on the relationship between manpower planning and academic staff productivity at Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa state – Nigeria, The proposed dimensions of manpower planning in this study include recruitment, selection, training and development and placemen. A total number of 737 Academic Staff which cut across all cadre as at November 2023 are the population of the study which would be served with a well-designed questionnaire. Proposed data would be obtained. The analysis of the proposed research will be done through the aid of SPSS version 25.0. The choice of using regression analysis is to properly analyze the four hypotheses and also to analyze the correlation between the variables under investigation. The model will allowed the study to identify the effect of manpower planning on the performance of the academic staff of the federal polytechnic Mubi. Hence, suggestion for future study would be to dwell more effort in conducting a complete comprehensive study and report the outcome using variables as indicated in the proposed study.
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, MATERNAL MORTALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
DR STANLEY C. UDEGBULE; & DR THANKGOD TONYE.
Top Faith University, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate social infrastructure, maternal mortality and economic growth in Nigeria. Annual time series data covering the period of 1981 to 2019 were utilized. Data for the study were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the World Bank. The Ex-post facto research design was employed, while the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root was used to analyse the data. The unit root test showed that at levels, the variables were not stationary but became stationary after first differencing. The long-run relationship was further tested using the Johensen co-integration, and the result indicated that, long-run relationship exists between the variables. Also, the ECM result showed that Life Expectancy (LEXP) and per capita income have a positive and significant relation with Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), while school enrollment showed a negative and insignificant relationship with real gross domestic product (RGDP). From the findings, it is recommended that, in other to reduce maternal mortality in Nigeria, governments at all levels should provide social infrastructure to the citizens, especially among the school age pupils in the country.
Keyword: Life Expectancy, School Enrollment, Per Capita Income Economic Growth
LEVERAGING SATELLITE IMAGERY AND GROUND-BASED VALIDATION TO UNLOCK THE POTENTIAL OF LAND FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF TREES HEIGHTS.
YISA NDADANKO EMMANUEL1, E. E. EYO2 AND OLUIBUKUN GBANGA AJAYI3
1,2&3Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Federal University of Technology, Minna 3Department of Land and Spatial Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.
Abstract
The sustainable development of land plays a crucial role in addressing global environmental challenges and promoting responsible resources management. The accurate assessment of tree heights plays a pivotal role in various fields. Such as forestry management, carbon sequestration estimation, and biodiversity studies. This research presents a novel approach for determining tree heights using satellite imagery and validating the results with ground-based methods. The Sentinel data was employed as the primary data source, from which Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) were generated, subsequently, a Canopy Height Model (CHM) was derived to visualize the heights of geotagged trees. In conjunction with satellite-based remote sensing, the heights of geotagged trees were measured on the ground using total station equipment, which served as a reliable reference for validation. The statistical analysis, specifically the correction coefficient, was performed to compare the result obtained from both methods. The analysis revealed a high correlation coefficient of 0.9890802, indicating a strong agreement between the satellite-based method and the ground –based measurements. The findings of this study underscore the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed satellite-based approach for determining tree heights. Additional, the validation through ground-based measurements establishes the credibility and robustness of the methodology. The integration of satellite imagery with ground-based validation offers a comprehensive and precise technique for tree height estimation with potential applications in forestry management, ecological research, and environmental monitoring.
Keywords: Digital Surface Models (DSMs), Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), Canopy Height Model (CHM), Tree height estimation, land management, forestry management and conservation.
ICT ADOPTION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW
UGBE, JOHN FIDELIS
Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria
Abstract
The paper work is a literature base work that focuses on the use of secondary sources. The research reviewed related work of other scientific and literature base authors and came up with opinions in ICT adoption in SMEs. The paper work focused on the needs of ICT adoption in SMEs in Nigeria highlighted the impact of ICT adoption in SMEs and the challenges SMEs confronted in the adoption and usage of ICT. Such impact as mentioned in this paper work were increased in business performance, business growth, business expansion, efficiency, effectiveness, competitiveness and amongst other. The paper also pointed out the challenges confronted by SMEs in the usage of ICT as cost implication, lack of adequate infrastructure, government unsupportive attitude, unavailability of skilled personnel, lack of adequate capital etc. Also highlighted is the bridging of the gap between SMEs in urban and rural areas in Nigeria through ICT adoption and its social implication in Nigeria. The paper made suggestions on the ways forward to curb the challenges such as: Government and stakeholders should make available ICT infrastructure in urban and rural areas to give room to SMEs to adopt the use of ICT. Network and internet service providers should reduce their charges and bills, and boost their bandwidth to enhance better internet services to encourage ICT adoption in SMEs in Nigeria etc.
Key words: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Adoption, Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs), Competitiveness, Efficiency.
A ROLE OF MASS MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA
YUSUF ISMAIL IMAM; & ABDULKARIM USMAN
General Studies Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi – Nigeria
Abstract
This paper has been observed the role of mass media in Nigeria. The role played by the mass media in sustaining democracy cannot be over-emphasised. The primary responsibilities of the mass media is to entertain, enlighten, and inform based on accurate facts and to educate on current relevant issues. All these can be sub-zoomed to sustenance of democracy. This paper addresses issues and role of mass media in Nigeria in line with the current political and historical trends in Nigeria. The paper used secondary sources of data collection and is qualitative in design. The paper recognises the mass media as unique with significance role in establishing and sustaining democracy in Nigeria. The paper identifies multi-party system as one of the requisites for democracy in multi-ethnic structure in Nigeria, and mass media as an indispensable element of democratic sustenance in Nigeria, but mass media is greatly undermined by government policies, shortage of funds, ethno-regional and religious sentiments, as well as political affiliations and influences. The paper makes some recommendations including; increased civic education, religious enlightenment, control of religious programmes and political activities in Nigeria.
Keywords: Democracy, educate, mass media, multi-party system, multi-ethnic structure, Nigeria.
BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DETERIORATED BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA) FRUIT SOLD IN KUBWA MARKET
*1MAIDAWA, G.L., 1 AYEGBA,S.O., 1ABDULLAHI, M., 1 ABDALLAH, H.Y., 1OKOYE,C.I., 1 IDRIS, H.A.,1ADAMU, B.B.
1National Biotechnology Development agency ,Abuja, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Fruits are a good source of dietary fibre. They contain vitamins and minerals that keep you healthy. Bananas contain a nutrient that help to manage blood pressure and boosts a person’s mood. Bananas are easily damaged and open to infection by bacteria, fungi and viruses. This study was carried out to isolate and identify bacteria associated with spoilt banana. The samples of were collected from Kubwa market in Abuja and were examined by culturing on nutrient, Mac conkey and salmonella-shigella agar. The aerobic mesophilic counts ranged from 2.4 x 10-7 cfu/ml to 3.2 x 10-6 cfu/ml from the surface wash and the total coliform counts ranged from 2.5 x 107cfu/ml. fecal coliform ranged from 3.2x 10-6 cfu/ml ad for Staphylococcus aureus were 1.8x 10-6 cfu/ml and 2.5x 10-7 cfu/ml. Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in 89% of the samples. The presence of the isolates may be due to improper hygienic practices from the point of harvesting, transportation and storage by the handlers. Above all the high moisture content of the banana fruit makes it highly perishable as it supports the growth of micro organisms especially bacteria. Therefore it is recommended that the concerned authorities should introduce a supervisory and monitoring system on the sanitary condition of fruits marketing areas and the visibility of transport system.
Keywords: Banana, Isolates, Coliforms, Bacteria, Agar
RESTORATIVE CAPACITY OF DACTYLEDANIA BARTERI AND ALCHORNEA CORDIFOLIA ON DEGRADED SOIL
MGBONU, KELECHI AND OGORI JOEGULUBA
Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, PMB 39 Kontagora, Niger State
Abstract
Dactyledania barteri and Alchornea cordifolia, as fast growing agro forestry species were used to restore the quality of a deliberately degraded Utisol at Onne. The soil was deliberately degraded by bulldozing the vegetation and the surface soil was scrapped off. Properties of the soil were evaluated before and twenty-two years after the establishment of Dctyledania barteri and Alchornea cordifolia fallows. Dctyledania barteri had a cumulative restorative capacity of 4953.60 kg soil materials on one hectare of land in one year with 3343, 60, 5.20, 1336, 200 and 9.4 kg as organic matter, N, P, Ca, Mg and K respectively, whereas Alchornea cordifolia had cumulative restorative capacity of 2683.65kg soil materials / ha/ yr with 1570, 30.1, 1.95, 1071, 147 and 10.6kg as organic matter N, P, Ca, Mg and K respectively. The relatively better effect of Dactyledania barteri over Alchornea cordifolia was attributed to the slow decomposition of its lower quality litter which resulted to production of more stable organic matter in the long run. The use of the species for soil fertility restoration increased maize yield with Dactyledania having maize grain yield of 17.8% over that of Alchornea and 27.8% over natural fallow.
Keywords: Restorative Capacity, Soil Quality, Ultisol, Agro-Forestry Species
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON STRAIGHT LINE DEPRECIATION AND REDUCING BALANCE DEPRECIATION METHOD FOR VALUING PRINTING PRESS MACHINERY A CASE STUDY OF RAMADAN PRINTING PRESS, BAUCHI
IGOCHE, FREDERICK OMACHOKO
Department of Estate Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
Abstract
The study looks at the comparative study on Straight Line Depreciation and Reducing Balance Depreciation method for valuing machinery of Ramadan Printing Press, Bauchi. An empirical research was used; ten (10) machines which were locally and internationally manufactured were sampled using Straight Line Depreciation and Reducing Balance Depreciation Method in assessing their value. The study reveals that in valuing machinery of printing press it is appropriate to rely on the Straight Line Depreciation Method.
ANALYSIS OF SPORTS PARTICIPATION OF PUPILS WITH PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT IN AN INCLUSIVE SCHOOL SETTING IN PANKSHIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- M GOCHIN1 & DR. P. P DARGAK2
1Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation Science,Federal College of Education Pankshin. 2Department of Physical and Health Education, Federal College of Education Panskhin.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to Analyze sports participation of pupils with physical impairment in an inclusive school setting in Pankshin Local Government. The study was guided by tow objectives and two research questions. The research design used for the study was a survey research design. Population of the study was primary 4-6 pupils totaling 60. Sample used for this study was forty-four pupils with physical impairment. Simple random sampling technique was used to select samples using lottery method. A structured questionnaire was used and administered to the pupils for the response by ticking an option of their choice. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. The analysis of the result among others revealed that pupils with physical impairment are not restricted to participation in sports activities in an inclusive school setting in Pankshin. It was recommended among others that pupils with physical impairment should be encouraged to always participate in sporting activities.
Keywords: Sports, Impairment, Inclusive, Restriction.
EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON ECONOMY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
BELLO KASIM SANUSI
Department of Marketing Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State
ABSTRACT:
This paper discusses the evolution and current development of principles and practice of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. It also examines the effect of entrepreneurship in fostering economic growth and development. The methodology adopted was the narrative-textual case study (NTCS) method, which is preferred because of the absence of sequential data related to entrepreneurship and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. The researcher found that Nigeria’s economy has continued to decrease over the last few years – with the real GDP growth rate hovering around 3.10% in 2022 compared with 3.40% a year earlier. It was also found that entrepreneurship can enhance economic growth and development primarily by generating employment and foster the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. We recommend that there should be proper policy coordination and policy stability; reforms in the educational curriculum to prepare students for self-reliance; and fixing the power sector-Nigeria’s basic infrastructure. When we have flourishing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), gainful employment will be created, wealth created will be distributed evenly and economy is developed.
KEYWORDS: Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), GDP growth rate, Narrative-Textual Case Study (NTCS)
EFFECT OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PUPILS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN OYO EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF OYO STATE NIGERIA
AJAGBE, S. W. (PhD), YEKINNI, L. O., KAREEM, K. K., ASIYANBI, M. S. &
KAZEEM R.A.
Department of Educational Psychology, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo
Abstract
The school environment entails the school structures and personnel available in any school which is believed to go a long way in shaping the academic performance of school hearing impaired pupils. There is no gainsaying therefore that when school facilities are adequately in place, pupils’ cognitive areas of knowledge, abilities and skills that are necessary for academic achievement will be developed. Moreover, the development of the affective and psychomotor domain is also facilitated by the presence of necessary and relevant school facilities. In order to adequately get information for the study, fifty hearing impaired pupils were randomly selected from two basic schools in Oyo metropolis. The T-test of ANOVA was used to analyze the result from the study. Among others, the result shows a coefficient of multiple correlation (R = .321 and a multiple R2 of 0.122. This means that 78.5% of the variance is accounted for by three predictor variables when taken together. The table also shows that the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the regression yielded a F-ratio of (F(3.496) = 165.211, P<0.05). This implies that the joint contribution of the independent variables to the dependent variable was significant and that other variables not included in this model may have accounted for the variance. It was therefore concluded that for a school to have a high educational standard which its product will be worthwhile and worldly acknowledged as the best of its kinds, it must have a good location, standard building, fascinating school and library facilities which all form the school environment, that will advertise it to parents, guardians and visitors. Among others, it was recommended that School environment should be made appropriate for learning in order to encourage students’ academic performance.
Keywords: School environment, Academic achievement, Hearing impairment, Primary schools
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED NEWSPAPERS’ COVERAGE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN NIGERIA
NAANSHEP PAUL, PATRICIA; MUSA. ABUBAKAR SADIQ; & IOWAR ESTHER ASHIEMAR,
Department of Languages, kaduna Polytechnic.
Abstract
Language is a pivotal instrument in the hand of journalists; they manipulate language at their disposal for accomplishing numerous goals. Thus, this study explores a pragmatic investigation of how meanings are interpreted in the selected newspapers’ coverage of the Coronavirus Pandemic in Nigeria. Mey’s (2001) Pragmatic Acts Theory was used to analyze ten (10) data selected purposively from The Punch and The Vanguard Newspapers between February 2020 and June 2020. The study found out that the pragmatic relevance of the COVID-19 newspapers’ coverage is embedded in its media functions as it serves as an indicator to interpret the messages inherent in the coronavirus newspapers’ coverage and a pract of warning to the citizens of Nigeria to stay safe. The study also revealed that the practs used depend on context, situation and existing shared-knowledge of both the speaker and the reader. It was observed that journalists use the news headlines to perform several acts of warning,sensitising, informing, exposing, etc. to achieve different goals and pass numerous meanings to their listeners/readers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria. Results indicated that the Nigerian media performed well in terms of covering the pandemic, which in turn created awareness. However, the coverage was not in-depth as most of the reported stories were short and were predominantly straight news. This paper concludes that journalists use contextual language to enhance social relations among the readers.
PROVOCATION AS A DEFENCE TO CRIMINAL LIABILTY
BARR ANYAEHIE JULIET CHIZOBA
Department of business administration, Federal polytechnic Oko, Anambra state
Abstract
This research delves into the legal concept of provocation as a defense to criminal liability, scrutinizing its historical evolution, contemporary application, and ethical implications within the realm of criminal law. The study employs a comprehensive review of relevant legal literature, statutes, and landmark judicial decisions to elucidate the multifaceted nature of provocation and its pivotal role in shaping legal precedents. The examination commences with an exploration of the historical underpinnings of the provocation defense, tracing its origins and evolution through legal systems across various jurisdictions. Subsequently, the research scrutinizes the contemporary legal landscape, offering an exhaustive analysis of how provocation is defined, interpreted, and applied in modern legal contexts. Special attention is paid to the nuances and variations in the acceptance and application of provocation defenses globally. Furthermore, the study critically assesses the ethical dimensions of utilizing provocation as a defense strategy. It probes into the moral implications of mitigating criminal liability based on an individual’s emotional state, weighing the justifiability of such a defense against broader societal interests and the imperatives of justice. The ethical scrutiny extends to considerations of gender bias and the potential for misuse or abuse of the provocation defense in cases involving interpersonal conflicts. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on criminal law by providing a nuanced understanding of provocation as a defense to criminal liability. By elucidating its historical roots, contemporary applications, and ethical dimensions, this study offers valuable insights for legal practitioners, scholars, and policymakers grappling with the complexities of reconciling justice with the inherent subjectivity of human behavior in the context of criminal offenses.
Keywords: Criminal law, Ethical implications, Legal precedents, Judicial decisions, Ethical scrutiny, Interpersonal conflicts, Criminal offenses.
ISLAMIC STUDIES IN THE AGE OF ICT; PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
A’ISHATU SHU’AIBU ALHASSAN; HAFSAT INUWA; & SHAFA’ATU HARUNA
School of Remedial and Continuing Education, A.D.R, College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State.
ABSTRACT
This paper is an attempt to identify the relationship between Islamic Studies and the ICT and how the Information and Communication technology impacted the field of Islamic Studies in the area of teaching and learning. And to further identify the problems and prospects of applying the ICT in Islamic Studies and to finally give some recommendations on how to improve Islamic learning and research using the ICT and to also give some suggestions on how to avoid the problems involved in the application of the ICT in Islamic Studies.
Key Words: Islam, ICT, Impact, Islamic Studies, Learning
AN ANALYTICAL STUDIES ON THE HADITH OF “IF YOU ARE TEMPTED WITH FIVE THINGS”.
الدراسة التحليلية لحديث عبد الله بن عمر”خمس إذا ابتليتم بهن…”
*GARBA ABUBAKAR UMAR; *ABDURRAHMAN DAHIRU BELLO; & **MURJANATU DAHIRU
*School of Secondary Education (Arts), A.D.R, College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State. **School of Remedial and Continuing Education, A.D.R, College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State.
Abstract
This paper is an attempt to study the following Hadith of the Prophet peace and blessings of Allah be upon him where he mentioned some offences and their negative impact on the community. This Hadith is really considered one the major miracles of Prophet as he made mentioned of some things that didn’t happened during his time yet but letter came to exist as he said. The tradition further indicates that people must obey the Almighty Allah for them live in peace and free from dangers of life.
Key words: Hadith, Tradition, Prophet, peace and Zakat
” يا معشر المهاجرين خمس إذا ابتليتم بهن، وأعوذ بالله أن تدركوهن: لم تظهر الفاحشة في قوم قط، حتى يعلنوا بها، إلا فشا فيهم الطاعون، والأوجاع التي لم تكن مضت في أسلافهم الذين مضوا، ولم ينقصوا المكيال والميزان، إلا أخذوا بالسنين، وشدة المئونة، وجور السلطان عليهم، ولم يمنعوا زكاة أموالهم، إلا منعوا القطر من السماء، ولولا البهائم لم يمطروا، ولم ينقضوا عهد الله، وعهد رسوله، إلا سلط الله عليهم عدوا من غيرهم، فأخذوا بعض ما في أيديهم، وما لم تحكم أئمتهم بكتاب الله، ويتخيروا مما أنزل الله، إلا جعل الله بأسهم بينهم ”
ENHANCING GENDER INCLUSION IN FINANCIAL AUTONOMY OF THE FEMALE STEREOTYPE IN SUSTAINABLE MEDIUM AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA
OTAOKPUKPU JUSTINA NJIDEKA; & DR NWANKWO LEOPOLD ARINZE
Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State
Abstract
Women entrepreneurs in Nigeria face deeply entrenched gender stereotyping that constrains their financial autonomy and inclusion in the micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector. This paper examines barriers stemming from discriminatory socio-cultural norms and economic institutions that limit women’s access to formal financial services, assets, networks, and critical business support. It also outlines multi-pronged strategies to promote gender equality in MSME development policies and programs. These include: expanding collateral-free lending by financial institutions, strengthening access to productive resources, bolstering entrepreneurial skills training tailored to women, facilitating peer networks and mentoring, deploying ICTs to assist women-run enterprises, enacting legal/regulatory reforms, engaging men as partners, and robust monitoring mechanisms. The analysis found that targeted interventions to ease constraints around credit, asset ownership, biases in training, isolation from growth opportunities, and legal discrimination are vital to dismantle constraints inhibiting women entrepreneurs. Constructive male engagement also assists to transform misconceptions around female dependence and breadwinner identities. Ultimately, sustained political commitment and gender-responsive budgeting across all aspects of MSME support ecosystem are indispensable to steer Nigeria towards more inclusive, sustainable and equitable growth trajectories. The study concludes that economic empowerment of women entrepreneurs has multiplier impacts – enabling them to attain financial autonomy while also uplifting families, communities and national development.
Keywords: Gender Inclusion, Financial Autonomy, Female Entrepreneurs, Sustainable Enterprises, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Gender Equality
21ST CENTURY LITERACY AND LEARNING SKILLS NEED OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE WORK TEACHERS IN NORTH WEST, NIGERIA
MANSUR, LAUWALI; SABA, TSWANYA MOSES PhD.; & AUDU, RUFAI PhD
Department of Industrial and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Abstracts
This study assessed the 21st-century literacy and learning skills needed by electrical installation and maintenance work teachers in North West, Nigeria. The study employed the use of descriptive survey research design. The targeted population was 333 respondents comprising 156 School Administrators and 177 Electrical Installation and Maintenance Work (EIMW) teachers from technical colleges in North West, Nigeria. A researcher-developed instrument, titled, ‘21st Century Learning and Literacy Skills Need Questionnaire’ (21st CLLSNQ) was used to collect data for the study. The 21stCLLSNQ was validated by two experts from the Department of Industrial and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna and one expert from the Electrical Installation Department Abdu Gusau Polytechnic Talata Mafara, Zamfara State. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability formula was used in testing the reliability of the instrument. The result of school administrators recorded 0.75 and 0.77 and the overall reliability index of the instrument was 0.93. For the EIMW teachers, the reliability index yielded 0.74 and 0.64 and the overall reliability index was 0.91. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test null hypotheses 0.05 level of significance. After the analyses, all the null hypotheses were rejected. The study found that EIMW teachers in technical colleges need skills improvement in both literacy and learning skills. Hence, it recommended that the EIMW teachers actively seek out professional development opportunities tailored to enhancing their 21st-century literacy and learning skills.
Keywords: 21st century skills, Learning Skills, Literacy Skills, EIMW teachers
UTILIZATION OF LOCAL BUILDING MATERIALS IN THE DESIGN OF A RESORT CENTRE IN GURARA, NIGER STATE.
GANA, J. T.; & ABDULRAHMAN, M. E.
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
In recent times, there has been an increase in the global architecture and construction industry’s focus on sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. As a result, there is growing interest in using building materials that are readily available locally. This approach aims to minimise impact and create designs that reflect the cultural identity of a place. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of local building materials in the development of a resort centre situated in Gurara, Niger State. The design of this resort centre is intended to embrace the beauty of the region while preserving its heritage and promoting responsible resource management by conducting an analysis of accessible resources like earth, clay, stone, timber, and other indigenous materials. This research examines their suitability for different architectural elements and their adaptability to the project requirements. Additionally, through an examination of examples from resorts and traditional construction techniques, this study highlights the potential advantages that come with incorporating these local materials into the resort’s design. Furthermore, it addresses challenges associated with using materials, such as construction limitations, compliance with building codes, and the specialised skills required for implementation. By identifying these challenges upfront, this research aims to propose solutions and recommendations that can effectively address concerns while maximising the utilisation of materials. In the end, this research highlights the significance of adopting an eco-mindset when it comes to architectural design. It emphasises the need to value the environment, appreciate culture, and encourage community engagement.
Keywords; Building, Design, Local, Materials, Utilization, Resort Centre
REDUCING THE EFFECTS AND IMPACT OF CHANGE ORDERS IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN A SUBSIDY REMOVED ECONOMY
GRACE THOMAS RANGO; & PROF. MAROOF OPEYEMI ANIFOWOSE
Quantity Surveying Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna.
ABSTRACT
This research investigates the effects and impact of change orders in public building projects in a subsidy removed economy. The study made use of the results of a questionnaire surveying the owners, contractors and consultants on a sample of 100 respondents comprising of the professionals that made up the building team representing the construction industry. The responses to the questionnaire help in identifying the common effects and impact of changes, and the control measures to address the effects and impact of changes. The results of the questionnaire indicate that time overrun, end user’s dissatisfaction, dispute among the parties, contractor’s dissatisfaction were the factors that effects project performance. Decrease in contractor reputation, Dispute among the professionals and loss of opportunity for new Job were the impact of change order in construction projects. The measures to be taken to control the effects and impacts of change order in building construction projects are; Proper site investigations, communication among parties, proper supervision of works, clear statement of work provision, specification within budget, better designs and visualization, completion of drawings at the tender stage, proper planning among parties involved and establishing a change order process up front.
Keywords-: Effects of Change Order, Impact of Change Orders, Control of Change Order, Subsidy, Economy.
INVESTIGATION INTO THE ACCESSING OF ONLINE RESOURCES FOR LEARNING AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE STUDENTS IN NIGER STATE NIGERIA
FADIPE B. MICHAEL1; UWAECHIA FRANCIS CHIDI2; ENGR. DR. SOLA EMMANUEL O3.; & PETER JOY ABOSEDE4
Department of Science Education, Veritas University Abuja1. Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Veritas University Abuja2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology. Okitipupa, Ondo State. Nigeria3. Department of Educational Foundations, Veritas University Abuja4 .
ABSTR ACT
Online Resources are available electronic learning materials that give users the benefits to; retain, reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute for teaching, learning, and research purposes. Over reliance on hard copy handout, and inadequate exposure to electronic resources among others are factors militating against efficient use of online resources. Hence, this study investigated the accessing of online resources among secondary school science students for learning in Niger State Nigeria. Descriptive research design of the survey type was adopted for the study. One research questions was used in-line with the purpose of the study and one research hypotheses, 398 respondents were randomly sampled from two secondary school in Niger State. Frequency and percentage were used to answer the research question ,Findings of the study revealed that secondary school science students in Niger State, have access to online resources for learning in secondary school, because, the schools made online resources available in their websites, the schools provide free internet connectivity for the students, and most of the students have an e-book reader on their devices. The research hypotheses, which seek to determine the significance difference between male and female students on their access to online resources in secondary school in Niger State, revealed that there was no significant difference between male and female students on their access to online resources for learning in secondary school in Niger State.
Key words: Online Resources, Science, learning,, Accessing.
ASSESSMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ELEMENTS INFLUENCING WAYFINDING FOR ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITALS IN MINNA, NIGERIA
MUSA, R.1* AND AKANDE, O.K.1
1Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Abstract
Wayfinding in healthcare facilities has been found to be quite difficult for a new patient or visitor. This is as a result that the physical environment of a health care setting may be the most challenging area in architecture in terms of wayfinding and humanistic planning and design. The Niger State Government has set out to improve healthcare delivery, reduce accident mortality, develop a good wayfinding system that uses less staff and volunteer time. Also assist in alleviating people’s stress, frustration, and anxiety that have been associated with healthcare facilities that are difficult to navigate. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess architectural design elements influencing wayfinding in an orthopaedic hospital in Minna, Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative esearch approach; a total of 200 questionnaires were distributed throughout the study population, with 160 questionnaires (80%) successfully recovered. The results show that 56.3% of the professionals indicated that making distinct areas with unique visual characteristics would improve wayfinding. Further findings show that offering training sessions to employees to familiarise them with signage and teach them how to effectively help visitors navigate the hospital will enhance wayfinding in the hospital. The study recommended that there’s need for architects to use distinctive landscape components in order to function as external indicators for users of hospital facilities. It concluded that the ability to find a desired destination in a hospital effectively reduces stress and fatigue, improves care delivery, reduces patient and family stress, and enhances overall healthcare quality.
Key words: Architectural, Design Elements, Influencing, Orthopaedic Hospital, Way Finding
EVALUATION OF PASSIVE SECURITY MEASURES IN RESORT CENTERS IN NIGERIA
SHEHU, I. B. AND OLAGUNJU, R. E.
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
Abstract:
Ongoing security concerns pose a threat to the advancement of tourism. This situation has led to numerous setback in the country’s resort centres growth. Consequently, addressing security challenges is imperative. The aim of this study is to evaluate security measures in resort centres in Nigeria, Qualitative research methods were employed and the process of observation was employed for gathering data. Observation schedule was used as an instrument for data collection and these data were sampled using the non-random sampling method and content analysis was use to analysed the data. The findings revealed inadequate security measures in the resort centres, thereby making resort centers susceptible to security threats. Therefore, this study recommends that the security of tourist’s and the building should be put in consideration by building professionals right from the design stage of a project.
Keywords: Passive Security, resort centre, measures, centers
FOSTERING SOCIAL INTERACTION AND COLLABORATION IN THE DESIGN OF UNIVERSITY CAMPUS COMMERCIAL CENTRES
OGUNBASE S.O.1 AND MUHAMMAD I.B.2
12Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
A commercial centre is more than just a place for social interactions and business activities; it also serves as a hub for collaborations, ensuring profitability for various institutions. This research aims to explore the levels of social interaction, behaviours, and activities within a university campus by designing a multifunctional commercial centre. The objective is to understand how cultural norms and interpersonal interactions influence the creation and utilization of interactive spaces within a commercial centre situated on the university campus. In conducting the research, a mixed method of data gathering was used to gain a deep understanding of various groups of respondents. A questionnaire was administered to 473 respondents, while 12 respondents were purposefully selected and interviewed. The analysis of the data showcased some key strategies that can be integrated to enhance social interactions among the various categories of users of commercial centres within the university campus. The research emphasizes the creation of comfortable settings that foster social inclusion on campus by integrating elements such as layout, seating arrangements, and the use of interactive technology to create cohesive environments. In conclusion, the research highlights the implications for policymakers when considering ways to promote effective social interaction within commercial centres on university campuses.
Keywords; architecture, commercial, culture, interactions, social, spaces.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF QOS PARAMETERS AND CHURN PREDICTION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR MNOs IN NIGERIA
ABDULAZIZ SUMMAILA AND STEPHEN S. OYEWOBI
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper presents the results and analysis of research about subscriber satisfaction and their propensity to churn in the Nigerian GSM Telecommunication Industry. The research built a model using three different algorithms, viz: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), KMeans Clustering for unsupervised learning of dataset, and the Logistic Regression (LR) Model. The datasets used were performance metrics of the Quality of Service (QoS) of four major Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in Nigeria; Airtel, 9mobile, Globacom, and MTN. The QoS were analysed using a built model. The parameters of the QoS analysed and from which a model was built were the Call Set-up Success Rate (CSSR), the Drop Call Rate (DCR), the Standalone Dedicated Channel Congestion Control Rate (SDCCH), and the Traffic Congestion Control Rate (TCCH). The PCA helped to simplify the datasets such that the trends and patterns are retained and thereafter, the KMeans Clustering was applied on the simplified dataset and was tagged with segregating the Network Predictors which indicated the MNOs with satisfactory results and those likely to lose subscribers. The LR model was used in a supervised learning mode for unlabeled datasets using clusters as labels which finally resulted in a prediction model with a predicting accuracy of 95%.
Keywords: Churn, Principal Component Analysis, KMeans Clustering, Logistic Regression, Quality of Service, Model, CSSR, DCR, SDCCH, TCCH.
5G ENABLED INTERNET OF THINGS: A REVIEW
CHEKWAS IFEANYI CHIKEZIE; ABRAHAM USMAN USMAN; MICHAEL DAVID; SULEIMAN ZUBAIR; & HASSAN MUSA ABDULLAHI
Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
The integration of 5G wireless technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized connectivity with high speed, ultra-low latency, and expansive device capacity. This paper explores the potential synergy between 5G and IoT, their role in transforming the IoT landscape, and their applications in smart cities, transportation, and health care. The paper emphasizes the importance of seamless connectivity and real-time data exchange across industries and offers an in-depth analysis of the technical features and benefits of 5G technology, such as its ability to transfer large data volumes over shorter distances and support a massive number of connected devices per square kilometer. However, the paper also raises concerns about the extensive attack surface and diverse nature of interconnected devices, which can lead to significant security risks. The paper proposes leveraging machine learning models for intrusion and anomaly detection to fortify the security landscape within the 5G-IoT ecosystem. The fusion of 5G and IoT technologies provides a connected world while necessitating proactive measures to address security concerns.
Keywords: 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Technologies, Machine Learning (ML)
INSIGHTS INTO BATHYMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS, TEMPERATURE, AND PRESSURE VARIATIONS OF TAGWAI DAM: A MULTI-METHOD STUDY.
ADENIYI, GBENGA (1) ; EYO, ETIM E (1), ODUMOSU, JOSEPH O (2) GBEDU A.M (1).
(1)Department of Surveying & Geoinformatics, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State (2)Department of Surveying & Geoinformatics, Federal University Oye, Ekiti State.
Abstract:
This scientific article presents the outcomes of a comprehensive investigation conducted on Tagwai Dam, focusing on bathymetric features, temperature, pressure variations, and the development of a Bathymetric Information System (BIS). The research objectives were to establish a sounding datum and baseline bathymetry data, determine temperature and pressure variations, and create a BIS using Arc GIS. This study integrated the latest advancements in satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) with traditional single-beam echo sounding to provide a comprehensive assessment of the reservoir. From the study, it was discovered that the maximum and minimum observed differences between echo-sounding and SDB-derived bathymetry are +0.06m and -0.09m respectively. Nevertheless, unexpected bathymetric patterns were observed in some regions of the dam which confirm previous studies that raise alarm of fast sedimentation rate within the dam. The study also holds implications for aquaculture and fisheries management. Furthermore, the developed BIS serves as a valuable tool for reservoir monitoring and water resource management.
Keywords: Sentinel imageries, satellite-derived bathymetry, GIS, Sedimentation
TERMITE SPECIES RICHNESS, RELATIVE ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY IN ENUGU STATE, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
CHUKWULOBE, M. N AND ECHEZONA, B.C
Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
ABSTRACT
Termites, hemimetabolous – insects of the infra-order Isoptera and order Blattoptera are adjudged the most dominant soil macro-arthropods of tropical and subtropical regions and a very important bio -indicator of soil health. A survey was conducted in 18 communities, from six selected local government areas in Enugu state, to evaluate Termite species richness, relative abundance and distribution in Enugu state, Nigeria. Termite abundance and distribution were studied using the transect method and the number of encounters of a particular species within the transect was taken as relative abundance of the species. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GenStat. Results revealed that out of 1613 encounters, six different species of termites were identified belonging to two families, four sub – families and five genera. These encounters were made on different microhabitats including mound types (canopy, cone, dome, cathedral, capless), tree base, dead stumps. The Odontotermes fomosanus species of the Termitidae family were the most commonly encountered while the Nasutitermes spp also of the family Termitidae was the least. This results portrays that Enugu state is highly infested with termite species especially the Odontotermes species
Keywords: Termite species, species richness, termite distribution, termite abundance, termite diversity
SUFFICIENT MANPOWER AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIBRARIES FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING IN TERTIARY INSTITUTION
ENDA TITUS EYOS
Department of Public Healthe Education, Imo State Univeristy Owerri
ABSTRACT
This research paper explores the crucial role of sufficient manpower and the importance of libraries in facilitating effective learning environments. It investigates how adequate staffing levels contribute to educational success and how libraries serve as essential hubs for knowledge acquisition, fostering a conducive atmosphere for comprehensive learning.
The critical need for sufficient manpower in tertiary institutions and explores the indispensable role of libraries in enhancing overall institutional effectiveness. By examining current manpower challenges in academic settings and emphasizing the multifaceted contributions of libraries, the study aims to provide insights into strategies for optimizing human resources and leveraging library services for educational excellence. The challenges faced by educational institutions in resource management serve as the backdrop, emphasizing the pressing need for a nuanced exploration of the symbiotic relationship between libraries and sufficient manpower.
Keywords: sufficient manpower, teacher-student ratio, libraries, educational resources, information literacy, technology integration, effective learning.
IMPERATIVES FOR A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT THROUGH BIODEGRADATION OF PLASTIC POLLUTANTS: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
JOHN O. OKARA
Department Of Biology, Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba, Delta State
ABSTRACT
Polythene and Plastic wastes range in types including pure water sachets, cellophane bags, plastic packaging of confectioneries, bakery products, toiletries, laminating materials, soft drinks, pieces of plastic buckets, plates, cups, wrappings etc. They are found in household wastes, refuse dump sites, municipal drainage system, street refuse collections, where they constitute menace; where they constitute serious pollution, health hazard and endangerment to the environment. Removal of these pollutants from the environment is then crux of this research. The microbial degradation of plastic wastes will be determined by measuring changes in physical properties, amount of CO2 evolved or by observation of microbial growth after exposure to biological or enzymatic environments. The effect of amending biodegradation medium with organic and inorganic fertilizers will also be determined. Possible toxic effects on the environment will be assessed by screening for presence of heavy metals. The overall objective is to ascertain the roles microorganisms can play in waste management; as well as optimum conditions for microbial degradation of plastic pollutants. It is expected that a cost effective, environment-friendly waste disposal system will be developed. This can form a basic research tool necessary for formulation and implementation of policies and programs at the States and Federal Ministries of Environment and related Parastatals and Agencies.
Keywords: Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus subtilis, biodegradation, natural weathering, waste disposal, polyethylene, plastics.
APPROACH TO LAND REGISTRATION USING REMOTE SENSING (R.S) AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (G.I.S) (A CASE STUDY OF ENGR. STEPHEN SHEKARI HOUSING ESTATE, KURMIN MASHI, KADUNA SOUTH L.G.A, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA)
MUHAMMAD LAWAL UBALE1 AND ONOJA BENJAMIN UFEDO2
1Department of Urban and Regional Planning, College of Environmental Studies, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna State, Nigeria. 2Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Aliko Dangote University, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT:
This paper examined land Registration in Engr. Stephen Shekari Estate from 2004 to 2023. The study employed the use of Remote Sensing (R.S) and Geographical Information System (G.I.S) as tools. Data used for the study included: Geo eye image of 2004 and 2023 and the population data for 2004 and 2023.The methodology used included sample size of 1,820 persons and the sampling frame was 100 percent. Findings from the study revealed that the layout plans (Phase one and Phase two) were abused as there have been a great increase in the population as against the initial population it was planned for in 2004; which led to the reduction in facilities, utilities and services for the area. There was also no adequate or accurate Land Registration System for the Estate. The research concluded that the Kaduna State Property Development Corporation (KSDPC) is to fund the application of Remote Sensing (R.S) and Geographical Information System (G.I.S) for all its landed properties. As recommendation, a data bank for all property owners from 2004 to 2023 was generated. The data was captured in a soft copy which displayed any property on inquiry.
Keyword: Land Registration (LR), Land Information System (LIS) Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS).
AN IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ACACIA SENEGAL AS PREBIOTIC AGAINST PATHOGENS
1MAINA MOHAMMED IDRISS, 2ASMITA SEHGAL, 3SAMA’ILA AUDU JOVIAL 4FATIMA M.M, 5SAMI A.N.
1,3&5Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic,Geidam, Yobe State, 2&3Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India. 4Federal University of Health Sciences, Azare, Bauchi, State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
An in vitro antimicrobial action of Acacia senegal extracts against eleven (11) selected microorganisms was determined using well diffusion technique. The microorganisms with their laboratory number were Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160), Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 1924), Acinetobacter lwoffii (MTCC8288), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 742), Enterobacter aerogenes (MTCC 2822), Escherichia coli (MTCC 739), Serratia marcescens (MTCC 7298), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 741), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 7028), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC 3090) and Candida albicans (MTCC 183).Three samples of aqueous extracts of Acacia senegal were used in this study. These are; the crude extract and two other processed extracts manufactured by Sattvic foods ltd and Urban platter industry.With the exception of Serratia marcescens all the test microorganisms sensitive to all the three aqueous extracts. Ciprofloxacin disc was used as standard and was found to be highly active against all the eleven test microorganisms with stronger action against Serratia marcescens (inhibition zone of 41.33mm) and the weakest was against Candida albicans with an average inhibition zone of 25.67mm.
Key words: Acacia senegal (GA), Prebiotics, Probiotics, Bifidobacteria, In vitro, microflora, bifidobacteria, aqueous, hydrocolloids, nosocomial.
MASS MEDIA AND NIGERIA’S DEMOCRACY: THE INDISPENSABLE ROLE OF SUSTENANCE
*YUSUF ISMAIL IMAM; *ABDULKARIM USMAN; *AMEER SANUSI; **SADIQ IDRIS
*Department of General Studies Department, School of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi – Nigeria. **Department of Public Administration, School of Management Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Oyo__Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper examines the indispensable role of mass media in sustaining Nigeria’s democracy. The role played by the mass media on sustaining Nigeria’s democracy cannot be over-emphasized democracy in Nigeria. The primary responsibilities of the mass media are to entertain, enlighten, and inform based on accurate facts and to educate on meaningful issues. All these can be sub-zoomed to sustenance of democracy in Nigeria. The paper briefly traced the origin of media, its major roles, issues of control and major challenges. Secondary and qualitative sources of data were used. Mass media is an indispensable element of democratic sustenance in Nigeria. It is however, greatly undermined by incessant government intervention in operations, non-adherence with laws and policies, amateur operatives, fake news, ethno-religious and geo-regional feelings, among others. The paper makes some recommendations as: extensive civil education, development of national values, stiff control on amateur media operations, stiff penalties fake news production and its spread.
Keywords: Democracy, education, mass media, Nigeria, sustenance.
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE SYSTEM USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
IKENNA C. ONUORAH; AHMED ABDULRAZAQ BELLO; SUNDAY ADONU; SUBERU YUSUF; KHALIL SANI IBRAHIM; & LAWAN GARBA
Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi
Abstract:
Immunization plays a vital role in safeguarding public health by preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Effective immunization programs require accurate scheduling, tracking, and monitoring of vaccinations. However, traditional immunization systems often encounter challenges such as data inconsistencies, privacy concerns, and inefficient communication among stakeholders. To address these issues, this abstract proposes an immunization scheduling system utilizing blockchain technology. Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and immutable nature, can provide a secure and transparent platform for managing immunization records. The proposed system leverages blockchain’s key features, including data immutability, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts, to ensure the integrity, privacy, and efficiency of immunization scheduling. The immunization scheduling system is kick stared by creating a distributed network of nodes, including healthcare providers, immunization centers, and individuals. Each participant has a unique digital identity stored on the blockchain, allowing for secure access to their immunization records. Smart contracts are utilized to define rules and automate processes, such as appointment scheduling, reminders, and vaccine administration. Immunization records are stored as encrypted transactions on the blockchain, ensuring data integrity and privacy. Access to these records is granted through cryptographic keys, giving individuals control over their personal information while maintaining a comprehensive and up-to-date repository for healthcare providers.
Keywords: Immunization, Blockchain technology, data immutability, data inconsistencies, Smart contracts, cryptographic keys,
IN VITRO GAS FERMENTATION PROFILE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON VINES AND ENSILING PERIOD OF SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas) SILAGE
KUTTU JULIUS MUSA; BABALOLA KAFAYAT WASIU; HUSSAINI USMAN; & ADAMU MAHMUD USMAN
Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Tech) Bichi, Kano state.
ABSTRACT
This study is to evaluate In vitro gas production/fermentation profile and chemical composition on vines and ensiling period of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) silage. Vines were obtained from two sweet potato varieties King J and Danchina, ensiled at 3, 5 and 7 weeks. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for this experiment. The treatments were allocated to the experimental units completely at random. A total of 72 Bama bottles were used for the silage preparation. The data generated was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p˂0.05, where significant difference occurred, the means were separated using Tukey of the SPSS version 2.0. The result of the proximate composition revealed significant difference p˂0.05 in the content of Ash, Organic Matter (OM), Crude Protein (CP), Crude Fiber (CF), Ether Extract (EE) and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE). While the In vitro gas production/fermentation profile, results revealed significant difference p˂0.05 in Metabolizable Energy (ME). It can be concluded that King J and Danchina varieties of sweet potato vines, made good silages as the (CP) increases with the increase on ensiling period from three weeks to seven weeks, while the (CF) decreases with the increase on ensiling period from three weeks to seven weeks. Metabolizable energy (ME) was equally on the increase for both varieties as the ensiling period increases, except at week seven of King J variety, which showed a slight decrease. It can therefore be recommended that King J and Danchina varieties of sweet potato vines be used in silage making and ensiling period is a good factor for making a better silage by a potential increase in crude protein and a decrease in fiber contents.
KEY WORDS: In vitro gas, Fermentation Profile, Vines, Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and Silage
ANALYSIS OF POLYTHENE AND PLASTIC BAG WASTES GENERATION AND DISPOSAL IN ABA URBAN, ABIA STATE, NIGERIA.
*I.U. ANYANWU; **DIOKA MARVIS; ***C. H. AGU; ****IMAGA LEKWA; & *****OFORNDU FELISTA
*Department of Urban And Regional Planning, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba. **Building Technology, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba. ***Surveying, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba. ****Geo-Informatics, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba. *****Civil Engineering; Enugu State University of Science and Technology
ABSTRACT
The term ‘plastics’, include materials made up of various chemical elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine and sulfur (fobil and hogarh2021).waste is defined as unwanted and unusable materials and is regarded as a substance which is of no use. world’s annual consumption of plastic materials has increased from around 5 million tonnes in the 1950s to nearly 100 million tonnes (jefferson, 2021).this implies that: more resources are being used to meet the increased demand of plastic, and more plastic waste is being generated. due to lack of integrated solid waste management (iswm), most of the plastic waste is neither collected properly. in developing countries, rapid population growth, urbanization and industrial growth have led to severe problem of waste generation in urban centers. the statement of the research problem make a cursory look at aba cityscape, leaves an observer with more to wander whether polythene and plastic bags are part of the soil constituents and environmental aesthetic display, particularly as polythene and nylon bags litterall over the city environs.aba being a mega commercial center, witness rapid population growth, and this growth appears to be associated with increase in the use of consumable goods packaged and wrapped in cellophane and plastic bags, with adverse consequences like environmental littering, clogging of inland waterways, environmental injustice, and devaluation of urban aesthetic quality, among many others. findings from available literatures so far reviewed, shows that the subject under investigation has been attempted at various aspects of human endeavors such as, brazil, south africa, port harcourt, lagos and ibadan. however, none has been carried out in south eastern nigeria, let alone aba urban. it is, therefore, the need to fill this gap in literature that the research is necessitated.sequel to the statement of the research problem, and aim of the study, it is expected that the study when completed will procure feasible measures, by recommendation practicable ways of ameliorating environmental impacts occasioned by incessant use of polythene and plastic products in aba urban, consequently, contributing significantly to the body of global knowledge, especially in the aspect of environmental solid waste management.
Keywords: analysis, polythene, plastic bag, wastes generation, disposal, urban.
SMALL HOLDER MAIZE FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE BAUCHI LGA, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA
HARUNA Y.; ABUBAKAR A. I.; GAMBO M.; & SHUGABA Y. A .
Dept of Agricultural Technology Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to analyses the perceptions and adaptations of small holder maize farmers to climate change in the Bauchi LGA Bauchi State, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 120 small holder maize farmers using multistage sampling procedure. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, and percentage) and inferential statistics (regression analysis). The result revealed that majority (62.5%) of the respondents fall within the range of 35 – 54 years of age, with mean age of 38 and household sizes ranging between 6 – 10 members. It also revealed that 21.6% of the respondents had no formal education. The result further revealed that majority (75%) of the respondent perceived occurrence of climate change through awareness of decrease in rainfall per annum and 60% through the awareness of increase in temperature over the years. The respondents generally agree to most of the perception statements about climate change. The main adaptation strategies adopted by the farmers were, use of improved varieties,(58%) diversification of crop (52%) and irrigation (16.%) The results also indicated that age (-0.113) significantly but negatively affects the decision of farmers to adopt an adaptation strategy. About 25% of the respondents did not adopt any adaptation strategy which could be attributed to their lack of understanding of the concept of climate change. The major constraint to adoption of an adaptation strategy according to 83.3 % of the respondents is financial constraints. . It was recommended that government at all levels should sensitize the farmers on the concept of climate change. And that policies that would improve access to credit, extension service delivery and off-farm jobs, should be pursued.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST DIARRHOEA CAUSING PATHOGENS
MURTALA SAADU1*, NASIRU USMAN ADABARA2, FARUK ADAMU KUTA3, HADIZA LAMI MUHAMMED4 AND MOHAMAD WUNA5
1*Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aliero, Kebbi Nigeria. 1235Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria 4Department of biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Traditional preparations of medicinal plants with antimicrobial activities have been extensively used in the West African regions. This study was carried out to identify the antimicrobial properties and synergistic effects of the bioactive compounds of selected medicinal plants against diarrhea causing pathogens.Using cold maceration methods, extracts from Vernonia amygdalina (22.86g), Acacia nilotica (22.80g),, Anogeissus leiocarpus (22.87g), Carica papaya (19.05g),, Piliostigma thoningi (22.80g), and Khaya senegalensis (13.94g) .The highest extract yield was obtained in A. leiocarpus The plant crude extracts exhibited varying degree of antibacterial activities at various concentrations against Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica serovar, with A. leiocarpus (32.33±0.73, 34.00±1.15f, 36.33±1.17) and K. senegalensis (36.00±0.81f, 19.00±0.98, 22.00±0.69) having the highest antibacterial activity as they showed significantly higher zones of inhibition at all concentrations against all the test organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriacidal concentration (MBC) was observed and recorded at 1.02±0.12, 1.04±0.29 and 1.92±0.23 mg/mL concentrations. The most active extracts were fractioned by column chromatography and, n-Hexane fraction of the most active crude extracts A. leiocarpus (0.64g) and K. senegalensis (0.46g) produced the highest yields followed by the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions. Significant difference was observed in the antibacterial activity of A. leiocarpus and K. senegalensis fractions. All fractions of A. leiocarpus (aquous, and n-Heaxane) fractions had higher activity against all test organisms (36.67±1.00, 32.00±0.23 and 31.00±1.56) while Ethylacetate fraction of K. senegalensis showed activity against K. pneumoniaee and V. cholarae while no activity against S. enterica serovar Kentucky. The synergistic effect of column chromatography fractions of A. leiocarpus and K. senegalensis was concentration dependent as one of inhibition increase with increasing concentration of the fractions. However, there was no significant difference between all experimental animals from all groups when compared to the control. Significant difference was observed in some liver parameters including a decrease in Alanine aminotransferasae (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferasease (AST) and increase in Total protein and albumin values. Significant differences were also observed in lipid parameters, kidney function and haematological parameters. Histological analysis of the liver and kidney of infected mice administered with A. leiocarpus and K. senegalensis fractions showed largely preserved architecture signifying that the plant extracts did not cause any detrimental changes and had no toxic effect. Therefore, the plant crude and fractions are recommended for the treatment of diseases caused by the test organism based on traditional medicine rules and regulations.
Keywords: Diarrhea Pathogens, Plant Extracts, Antibacterial activity.
INFLUENCE OF ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS ON THE MINERAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF RED VINE TREE (Leea guineensis G. DON)
OLANIYI1, A.A., *OLANIYI2 M.B., RUFAI2, S.O., AWOSAN1, E.A., RUFAI3, O.K., HAMZAT4, O.A AND ALAWODE5, R.A.
1Multipurpose, Tree Multiplication and Improvement Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B 5054 Forest Hill, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. 2Biomedicinal Research Centre, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5054, Jericho Hills, Ibadan, Nigeria. 3Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. 4Department of Pharmacy Technicians, Ogun State Polytechnic of Health and Allied Sciences, Ogun State, Nigeria. 5Biotechnology Centre, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5054, Jericho Hills, Ibadan, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Fruits represent a crucial reservoir of essential micronutrients for majority of individuals in developing nations. Nonetheless, the existence of antinutritional components hampers the efficient uptake and utilization of these essential microelements. In this study, mineral constituent, antinutritional content and their effect on the mineral bioavailability of Leea guineensis fruits were determined using standard procedures. Results revealed that sampled plants contains essential minerals in varying amounts (mg/100g) for Magnesium, (1033), Calcium (200), Sodium (218), Potassium (493), phosphorus (9.91), Iron (8.1) and Zinc (5.0) respectively. Concentrations of antinutritional factors were tannin (53.3 mg/100g), phytate (2950 mg/100g) and oxalate (510 mg/100g). Results for Ca, Fe and Zn bioavailability indicated that the oxalate: Ca ratio of 0.12 was lower than the established critical limit (2.5), which hinders calcium bioavailability. Molar ratios of 0.89, 30.9 and 58.1 obtained for phytate: Ca, phytate: Fe and phytate: Zn was above critical limits (0.5, 0.4 and 1.5). Phytate*Ca: Zn had 290.1 which are higher than standard limit of 0.5 shows a significant effect on optimal zinc absorption and bioavailability. It can be inferred that the phytate should be reduced significantly to achieve the maximum potentials of Leea guineensis fruits in terms of calcium, iron and zinc bioavailability.
Keywords: Wild fruits, anti-nutrients, bioavailability, micronutrients, Leea guineensis
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BLUETOOTH BASED CALLER SYSTEM IN ELEVATORS
K.U. UDEZE; & J.C. EZEILO
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Oko, Anambra State.
Abstract
Buildings comprising of several floors requires a lot of energy to climb the staircases. The quest to solve the problem in the use of staircase led to the exploitation of the use of elevators. This elevator has so many risks involved in it use; hence, there is need to develop a system that can take care of the emergency in case of faults occurring at different floors of the building regarding the use of the elevators. Also, there is need to demonstrate the used of Bluetooth technology in in the form of Bluetooth Base caller system. This paper shows that with modern technology, emergencies occurring at the elevators can be drastically reduced to the barest minimum. The system is based on the embedded system and can act as a security guard of the buildings with several floors. When buildings consist of several floors, climbing it requires a lot of energy, hence the use of an elevator is an added advantage. Due to the risk involved in the use of elevator, there is need to communicate with the people on the elevator, this design provides access to the control room in the case of an emergency for people in the elevator. The elevator is normally operated by using switches via a Bluetooth. The main purpose of this paper is to design a Bluetooth Based Caller System in the elevator, which involves android phone technology (Bluetooth) and microcontroller technology.
Key Words: Bluetooth Module & Elevator.
CLIENTS SATISFACTION WITH ESTATE SURVEYORS AND VALUERS’ PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA.
AKPAN, KUFRE1; EBAM, REGINA2; & EFFIONG, JAMES2
1Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State. 2Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State.
Abstract
This study investigated clients’ satisfaction levels regarding the services rendered by estate Surveyors and Valuers in Calabar. Its primary objectives were to gauge satisfaction levels based on specific service parameters and identify the significant factors influencing clients’ contentment. Employing a survey research design, 300 questionnaires were distributed to landlords and tenants occupying properties managed by estate surveying and valuation firms to collect primary data. The analysis of gathered data involved both descriptive (such as mean) and inferential statistical tools, including analysis of variance (ANOVA). Satisfaction was evaluated through the SERVQUAL model, focusing on responsiveness, tangibles, assurance, reliability, and empathy as key parameters. The study found that assurance, related to confidence and trust, garnered the highest mean score (3.90), followed by empathy (3.71), reliability (3.30), responsiveness (3.27), and tangibles (3.18). The overall mean score for satisfaction was 3.47, indicating a moderate level of satisfaction among clients with the services provided by Estate Surveyors and Valuers. ANOVA results highlighted that responsiveness, tangibles, and reliability, with P-values of 0.05, 0.035, and 0.022 respectively, emerged as the primary factors influencing client satisfaction with Estate Surveyors and Valuers’ services in property management. In conclusion, the study determined that clients hold a moderate level of satisfaction with Estate Surveyors and Valuers’ services, particularly concerning property management aspects. To enhance client satisfaction, the recommendation emphasizes prompt responsiveness to client concerns, routine property inspections, and consistent service delivery.
Keywords: Clients, Estate Surveyors & Valuers, Satisfaction, Services.
EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCIAL COOPERATIVES AS COST-EFFECTIVE MODELS FOR FINANCING RURAL ECONOMIES IN NIGERIA
*OTAOKPUKPU JUSTINA NJIDEKA; *DR NWANKWO LEOPOLD ARINZE; & **DR UNEZE CHIJIOKE UCHECHUKWU
*Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State. **Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College Education (Technical), Umunze, Anambra State
Abstract:
Financial cooperatives, commonly known as credit unions or savings and credit cooperative societies (SACCOs), have emerged as integral components of Nigeria’s financial landscape, especially in rural areas. This paper explores the effectiveness of financial cooperatives as cost-effective models for financing rural economies. The study delves into their structure, benefits, challenges, and impact on rural communities, with a focus on Nigeria’s unique context. Financial cooperatives, characterized by member ownership and control, aim to provide affordable financial services to low-income populations. In Nigeria, where rural areas face challenges in accessing traditional banking services, financial cooperatives have been promoted as a sustainable approach to extend financial inclusivity. SACCOs leverage member savings to offer loans at reasonable interest rates, fostering cost-effectiveness compared to other microfinance models.The paper also discusses the structure of the rural economy in Nigeria, its challenges, and potential policy pathways for fostering rural economic growth.The components of financial cooperatives, such as membership, governance, savings mobilization, lending methodology, and regulation, are examined. The study emphasizes the significance of good governance in ensuring cooperatives act in the best interests of their members. It also discusses the positive impact of financial cooperatives on rural communities, offering accessibility, affordability, and contributing to community development.In conclusion, financial cooperatives present a promising model for rural economic development in Nigeria. The paper provides recommendations for enhancing their effectiveness, emphasizing collaboration with regulatory bodies, targeted initiatives for financial inclusion, capacity building, technological adoption, diversification of financial products, community engagement, risk management, collaboration with stakeholders, and knowledge sharing. Implementation of these recommendations can further strengthen financial cooperatives as engines for rural economic development in Nigeria.
IMPACT OF ENERGY PRICES, INFLATION ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF
SOME SELECTED AFRICAN STATES
AHMED RUFAI MOHAMMAD1, & AISHATU ADAMU ZUBAIR2
1Department of Economics, Jigawa State College of Education Gumel, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Management Sciences, Economics Unit. Kano State College of Education and Preliminary Studies, Kano State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The African continent is a composition of countries with similar traditional heritage and a home to extremely diverse human and natural resources. The countries are at different stages of economic growth. There has been an energy price crisis in most countries in the sub-region. This research investigates the direct impact of energy prices and persistent increase in inflationary rate on the economic growth of African countries, starting from the period 2015 to 2021. Based on the GMM technique, the dynamic empirical evidence reveals that an increase in energy prices and persistent inflation reduces the economic growth of African states. Policy recommendations are directed toward sourcing cheaper and environmentally friendly energy in Africa.
Keywords: Energy Price, Inflation, Economic Development, GMM, Africa.
IN VITRO GAS FERMENTATION PROFILE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON VINES AND ENSILING PERIOD OF SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas) SILAGE
KUTTU JULIUS MUSA; BABALOLA KAFAYAT WASIU; HUSSAINI USMAN; & ADAMU MAHMUD USMAN
Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Tech) Bichi, Kano state.
ABSTRACT
This study is to evaluate In vitro gas production/fermentation profile and chemical composition on vines and ensiling period of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) silage. Vines were obtained from two sweet potato varieties King J and Danchina, ensiled at 3, 5 and 7 weeks. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for this experiment. The treatments were allocated to the experimental units completely at random. A total of 72 Bama bottles were used for the silage preparation. The data generated was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p˂0.05, where significant difference occurred, the means were separated using Tukey of the SPSS version 2.0. The result of the proximate composition revealed significant difference p˂0.05 in the content of Ash, Organic Matter (OM), Crude Protein (CP), Crude Fiber (CF), Ether Extract (EE) and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE). While the In vitro gas production/fermentation profile, results revealed significant difference p˂0.05 in Metabolizable Energy (ME). It can be concluded that King J and Danchina varieties of sweet potato vines, made good silages as the (CP) increases with the increase on ensiling period from three weeks to seven weeks, while the (CF) decreases with the increase on ensiling period from three weeks to seven weeks. Metabolizable energy (ME) was equally on the increase for both varieties as the ensiling period increases, except at week seven of King J variety, which showed a slight decrease. It can therefore be recommended that King J and Danchina varieties of sweet potato vines be used in silage making and ensiling period is a good factor for making a better silage by a potential increase in crude protein and a decrease in fiber contents.
Keywords: In vitro gas, Fermentation Profile, Vines, Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and Silage
FOOD SAFETY FORECASTING USING INTERNET OF THINGS AND MACHINE LEARNING
FADEYI, JOHN OLUWOLE; ENGR. DR. A.U. USMAN; & ENGR. DR. S. S. OYEWOBI
Telecommunication Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna
ABSTRACT
Food sector is a significant part of the economy but it faces challenges with food spoilage, especially in meat, fruits, and vegetables. This issue involves food items, especially meat, fruits, and vegetables, going stale and often reaching consumers unnoticed. Additionally, during food chain there may be instances where the food may still be within the proposed shelf life but may be spoilt before it gets to the consumer, therefore, it is important to test them and envisage when it will be inedible. This paper presents a predictive model which is used to forecast when the fruits will be inedible via the use of time series data generated from internet of things (IoT) based device. The IoT device developed in this research is used to monitor the decline of the freshness of the fruit to the state of inedibility. This device measures parameters such as alcohol, and ammonia around the fruit, as such large amounts of real-time data are generated. A web server is used for the storage of data values sensed in real time and also for the analysis of results. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) predictive model is used to forecast the time the fruit will be inedible via the use of time series data harvested from the cloud. The implementation of this technology enhances traceability, minimizes food wastage, and, most importantly, protects consumers from foodborne illnesses.
Keywords: Food safety, IoT, Machine learning
DISCOURSE REPRESENTATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL DISASTERS IN NIGERIAN ONLINE NEWS
OSAS IYOHA, PhD
Department of English, Edo State University Uzairue
Abstract
The recent floods in Libya and earthquake in Morocco have made discussions on climate change widespread in Nigerian online newspapers. Extant works on media representation of climate change have focused on public perception and opinion. The present study focuses on the discourse strategies and the ideological inclinations of online news reportage of climate change and natural disasters. Van Leeuwen’s representation of social actors and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) serve as theoretical underpinning for the study. Data were purposively drawn from four widely read online newspapers: The Punch, The Sun, The Vanguard and The Nation. The period covered was between January to September, 2023. Findings show that blame attribution, categorisation and cross-border appeal are some discourse strategies used to frame the online news on climate change and natural disasters. These strategies show a proclivity by the online news to transfer responsibility of the effects of climate change to other actors. Hence, new perspectives on climate change should consider the paradigm shift that has produced how fresh narratives are sustained and negotiated in online news.
DESIRABILITY ANALYSIS OF AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS AT SELECTED WATER STRESS
AWONIYI, G. O1., ADENIRAN, K. A2, AWONIYI, K. P3
1Department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. 2Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract
This research work was aimed at determining the best desirable water stress for optimum irrigation water needed for the growth of Amaranth hypochondriacus. The yield obtained from four classes of water stress irrigation water methodology for the amaranth plant were analyzed using design expert software based on the category classification of the individual treatments blocks. The four water stresses base on field capacity (FC) irrigation methodology adopted were 60% FC, 70% FC, 80% FC and 90% FC. Individual composite treatments desirabilities were compared to determine the comparative better treatment. Irrigation at 90% FC gave the highest desirability of 0.832, followed by 80% FC with 0.544 desirability, 70% with 0.287 desirability, and least in 60% FC with desirability of 0.111 of the maximum attainable desirability of 1. The desirability is a confirmation of the mean yield of the selected water treatments which had the highest at 90% FC (29.3 ton/ha) followed by 80% FC (23.3 ton/ha), 70% FC (17.8 ton/ha) and least at 60% FC (14.2 ton/ha). Analysis carried out on the yield obtained from the water treatment confirmed that the best desirability is obtainable at the maximum possible FC capacity irrigation.
Keywords: Analysis, Desirability, Amaranth, Water Stress, Irrigation, Field Capacity
ARTISTIC VARIATION IN RELATIVE DENSITY CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AGRO-ORGANIC BASED PAINT THICKNESS
ADEWUMI, M. O1., AWONIYI, G. O2., AWONIYI, K. P3.
1Department of Architectural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger-State, Nigeria. 2Department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract
This research involved determining the thickness of an organic paint in relation to its relative density as caused by variation in clay content in the paint. The paint being a product from agro-organic material bases: Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) seed extract and Teak (Tectona grandis) leaves extract, upon experimentation, the extracts solution was found to have the same density as water but variation set in while modifying its thickness through clay additives. The resultant weight of the solution was found to increase with increase in clay content additive. The paint thickness was determined by testing thirteen paint samples of different relative densities using a test plate of 20 cm x 20 cm cross section area. It was discovered that paint samples with relative density range of 1.040 – 1.05 having thickness range of 0.039 mm – 0.043 mm were in conformity with the standard paint thickness range of 38 microns to 43 microns. It was generalized that the relationship between paint relative density and thickness was “y = 1.3766x + 0.9902” where “y” is paint relative density and “x” is paint thickness. The general equation was found to have R² of 0.9784 which signifies a relatively precise paint thickness prediction.
Keywords: Agro-Organic, Paint, Clay additives, Relative Density, Thickness.
FOOD AND ART: INFLUENCE OF THE AESTHETIC PRESENTATION OF FOOD TOWARDS CONSUMPTION IN NIGERIA
MARYAM SULEIMAN1, MARYAM ISA WAZIRI2, MUHAMMAD MUSTAPHA IBRAHIM3 AND GAYUS MUSA4
1Department of Primary Education, College of Education, Billiri, Gombe State. 2Department of Primary Education, College of Education, Billiri, Gombe State. 3Department of Social Sciences, College of Education Billiri, Gombe State. 4 Department of Primary Education, College of Education, Billiri, Gombe State
Abstract
This study specifically sought to ascertain Nigerians preference for aesthetic presentation of food. The population of this study comprises of all Nigerians with a social media presence. The study adopted descriptive research method. A structured interview instrument of 21 items tagged Food and Art Questionnaire (FAQ) was designed by the authors and administered to respondents via several social media platforms. The sample consist of 221 Nigerians across the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 26). The study revealed that majority of Nigerians prefer consuming food that is aesthetically presented. Based on the findings, the authors recommend Nigerians to present their food in an aesthetic manner in order to encourage consumption.
Key words: Food and Art, Aesthetic, Consumption, Nigeria
HISTORY OF NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW OF THE POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE
YUSUF ISMAIL IMAM1; AMEER SANUSI1; ISAH SHEHU MOHAMMED1; ABDULKARIM USMAN1
General Studies Department, School of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Abstract
This paper overviews Nigerian political history in connection with the trends and events related to the political event and historical reflections in Nigeria. Nigeria’s political history is characterized by numerous interesting, conflicting, peaceful and violent, controversial issues and events. The paper overviews the main issues and events in line with the current political and historical trends in the Nigerian federation. The paper is theoretical and used secondary sources of data collection. The study is unique and significant at this time when the political and historical issues and events of Nigeria are being misinformed, manipulated and or negated to suit political and other interests, but at the expense of Nigeria’s national unity, coherence and peaceful co-existence. The study makes some recommendations including increased contextual teaching of Nigeria’s political history in all academic institutions and at all levels.
Keywords: Britain, economy, independence, Nigeria, political history, political leadership, unity.
TWO-FIGURE TABLE LOAN PAYMENT RETURN FOR NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES: AN ENGINEERING PROJECTS PROCUREMENT TOOL
1OLAYEMI, O. D., 2AWONIYI, G. O.
ABSTRACT
This research came about on the thought of how to assist farmers and engineers on payment plan schedule for payment return on agricultural incentives and machinery procurement loans. The paper work aimed at generating Two-Figure Table handbook for the membership of the Nigerian Co-operative Societies for any loan obtained at various interest rates. It later generated to generalizing it to the various Nigeria workers’ cooperative societies since most of the societies are operating on the same styles and principles. The generated results from the principal loan made use of standard figures which break at every 10th multiple while the interest were generally computed on the basis of simple interest at any given interest rate with selection bases of 0.5% interval up to 30%. The research package had a loan payment return schedule ranges from 3 Months to 36 Months.
Keywords: Agriculture, Cooperative Society, Loan, Payment return, Handbook
EFFECT OF STORAGE DURATION OF PEA POD ON WATER SOFTENING
MUHAMMAD MUHAMMAD MAKKI
BUPOLY Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria.
University of Bahri, Khartoum Sudan
Abstract
Polluted water is estimated to affect about 1200 million people and contribute to the death of 15 million children in the world per year. The excessive use of chemical coagulants can affect human health in the long term; aluminum has been indicated to be a causative agent of neurologic diseases such as senile dementia. Researches confirms the high impact of Pea pod as a coagulant in water treatment, but much researches have to be done to ascertain the effects of its storage on water softening. Therefore, the research aims at finding effect of storage duration of pea pod on coagulation in water treatment. A suitable method was employed for the Pea pod processing. Pea pod was prepared and ground to powder. Phytochemical analysis of the Pea pod was done. 10% stock solution of the extract was prepared. Jar test for water softening, was carried out for High, Medium, low untreated synthetic waters, Kura surface (river) water and Zoo road well water. The process was repeated for stored Pea pod powder for 2 and 4 months at room temperature. For Pea pod stored for 2 and 4months used for treatment of the water samples; p-values range was 0.9-1, signifying that there is no any significant difference between the hardness reduction of Pea pod powder not stored and that stored for 2 and 4months.
Keywords: Pea Pod, Softening, Water Treatment, Storage Duration
STORAGE CONDITION EFFECT OF PEA POD ON WATER DISINFECTION
MUHAMMAD MUHAMMAD MAKKI
BUPOLY Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria.University of Bahri, Khartoum Sudan
Abstract
Natural coagulants are considered affordable and efficient substitutes to chemical coagulants for use in developing countries where raw materials such as Cicer arietinum (green pea) are readily available. Polluted water is estimated to affect about 1200 million people and contribute to the death of 15 million children in the world per year. The excessive use of chemical coagulants can affect human health in the long term; aluminum has been indicated to be a causative agent of neurologic diseases such as senile dementia. Researches confirms the high impact of Pea pod as a coagulant in water treatment, but much researches have to be done to ascertain the effects of its storage on water disinfection. Therefore, the research aims at finding effect of STORAGE CONDITION (TEMPERATURE AND pH) EFFECT OF PEA POD ON WATER DISINFECTION. A suitable method was employed for the Pea pod processing. Pea pod was prepared and ground to powder. Phytochemical analysis of the Pea pod was done. 10% stock solution of the extract was prepared. Jar test for water disinfection, was carried out for High, Medium, low untreated synthetic waters, Kura surface (river) water and Zoo road well water. The process was repeated for stored Pea pod powder for 2 and 4 months at varying temperature and pH values. For Pea pod stored for 2 and 4months used for treatment of the water samples; p-values range was high, signifying that there is significant difference between the percentage hardness removal of Pea pod powder not stored and that stored for the varying temperature and pH values for 2 and 4months.
Keywords: Pea Pod, Disinfection, Water Treatment, Storage Condition
KEY ISSUES FOR EMBRACING THE CLOUD COMPUTING TO ADOPT A DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION:
MUHAMMAD ABUBAKAR
Computer Science Department, Federal College of Education, Katsina
Abstract
The world is changing faster than ever, and digital technologies are bringing about unprecedented transformation and changing our work and lives in ways we have never anticipated. Digital transformation topic is an actively discussed these days. Internet of Things (IoT), big data, social media, cloud computing, block chain, and augmented reality are driving organizations to the next level of digital customer engagement and IT-enabled business processes and services. Cloud computing is a key pillar of the digital transformation technology ecosystem. This paper highlights the cloud computing roles to achieve the digital transformation in Saudi Arabia, and it seeks to empirically examine the cloud computing concerns in the public sectors organizations of Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was launched miming at the existing cloud computing adoption and its concerns in Saudi Arabia. Security, privacy and loss of governance are still the main obstacles for adopting cloud computing technology, although some organizations recognized their lack of knowledge in this field.
ASSESSEMENT OF SOLAR RADIATION WITH PROGRESIVE MACHINE LEARNING ENSEMBLE TECHNIQUES
AMMAR MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM, RABIU ABDULQADIR, MASÚD IBRAHIM, MUHAMMAD UZAIR; & MUHAMMAD SULE
ABSTRACT
In the modern days, the penetration of solar power at residential and utility levels has advanced exponentially. However, as a result of stochastic nature of solar this instability needs to be clarified. Predicting solar radiation analyzed to be helpful in excellent design, and performance of solar energy-based systems. Nevertheless, quantification of solar radiation mainly in the developing nations is quite challenging, due to the cost of purchasing the measuring instruments, together with their calibration and maintenance. This paper aim to examine the application of advanced ensemble machine learning models for the estimation of solar radiation in four major cities of Nigeria, namely; Kano, Maiduguri, Port Harcourt and Lagos. Two ensemble techniques are employed; the averaging ensemble (AE) and neuro-fuzzy ensemble. The ensemble models are established by bringing together three single machine learning models namely; Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The models are developed using meteorological data consisting of relative humidity (RH), Wind Speed (WS), Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, Mean Temperature and Rainfall as independent variables. The simulation results determined that the NFE provide the highest accuracy in all the study areas. The established models can reliably be used as other tool for prediction of solar radiation in the study areas.
Key Words: Machine Learning, Ensemble, Kano. Maiduguri, Port Hacourt, Lagos
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: TOWARDS DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF LIFE, WORK, AND EDUCATION
UBANDI GARBA
Computer Science Department , Federal College of education, Katsina
Abstract
A new time of intelligence is rising, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the forefront of the changes we are living in a rapidly evolving world. AI is restructuring our lives, inspiring change, and hence shaping our future world. In the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, AI offers several opportunities thus giving the science of medicine the power to turning mountains of data into lifesaving breakthroughs, identifying diseases from a simple drop of blood, and attempting to stop the spread of the disease while developing effective vaccines in record time. Usually, the process can take 10 to 15 years to develop. AI, robots, and drones are being deployed to stop the spread of the disease, help track the pandemic, enforce restrictive measures, and provide critical support to healthcare delivery. Using AI, it is possible to ransport medical supplies by drone, disinfect patient rooms, and search approved prescription atabases for drugs that may also be effective against Covid-19. AI is also a tool to finding quick ways to bring cures to market, assisting customers in stores, adjusting to new inputs, performing human-like tasks, and enabling the achievement of 134 targets across all 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN).
THE IMPLICATIONS OF AFRICAN STYLED DEMOCRACY ON SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT; A STUDY OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN ECONOMIES
OKOH IGWE SIMON PETER
Department of Social Sciences, School Of General Studies, Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe
Abstract
Democracy remains the most preferred political system for the purpose of administration and governance all over the world. This coupled with the globalization trend creates room for socio economic ‘symbiotism’ capable of inducing socio-economic transformation for nations. This system, which is also being operated in most African states, exhibits a difference from its ideals as African style democracy appears to be the norm and this variety of democracy appears to be impairing the socio-economic lot of the continent. This is observable in Sub-Saharan Africa and recent upheavals destabilizing governments and the political process on the sub region speak to this reality. This paper looks at the sub region using internationally accepted developmental indices to assess social and economic development rate. It shows that room abounds for improvements and, using the systems theory of analysis, the paper argues to show that dysfunctionality in democratic system and practice in the sub region continues to hamper sustainable development on the region and this triggers conflicts and the upheavals Africa is currently experiencing.
Key Words: Democracy, African Styled Democracy, Sustainable Development, Socio-Economic Growth and Development, Sub-Saharan African Economies
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEM IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
SULAIMAN MUHAMMAD
Department of Economics, Federal College of Education, Zaria-Nigeria
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the best efficient integrated crop-livestock farming system in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained through structured questionnaire and interview schedule. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 7 LGAs (Ikara, Kubau, Kudan, Lere, Soba, Sabon-Gari and Zaria) purposively in stage I for prevalence of integrated crop-livestock farming, 28 villages were selected purposively also for the same reason in stage II while at last stage 78 crop-livestock farmers were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were used to achieve the objective of this study. Results of the socio-economic characteristics revealed that about 92% of the integrated crop-livestock farmers were found to be male with mean age of 44 years and household size of 7 persons per farmer. Results from the DEA showed that the mean total efficiency, pure efficiency and scale efficiency were found to be 0.75, 0.87 and 0.82, respectively. The DEA results further revealed that farmers can reduce the quantity of farm size, labour, seed, fertilizer, manure and agrochemical inputs by 1.6, 11.6, 15.8, 5.9, 32.3 and 23.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the findings revealed that 19.9, 30.19 and 65.11% of farmers operated at optimal, sub-optimal and super-optimal scale, respectively. Tobit regression model used to determine factors influencing technical efficiency established that coefficients of age (0.0210), marital status (0.0016), household size (0.0616), education level (- 0.1247), farming experience (0.1412), extension contact (-0.2548) and cooperative membership (-0.1102) were statistically significant variables at different level of probability. There should be synergy between crop and animal scientists; extension agents and agricultural economists to bring into bearing the needs for farmers to imbibe integrated crop-livestock farming to achieve optimum level of efficiency.
Keywords: Crop-livestock, integration, efficiency, data envelope analysis (DEA), Nigeria
SORPTIVITY EFFECT ON LOCUST BEAN POD EXTRACT ON CEMENT
STABILIZED LATERITE BLOCKS
STEPHEN, Cyprian
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, the Polytechnic Bali Taraba State
Abstract:
This research paper presents the experimental result on the sorptivity effect of locust bean pod extract (LBPE) on cement stabilized lateritic blocks. The locust bean pod is a waste material that is normally discarded after the seed have been harvested. The laterite used falls under AASHTO soil classification A-2-4 (sandy GRAVELLY) with liquid limit of 30%, plastic limit of 25% and plastic index of 5%. The experimental programme involves production of 80 block specimens using cement-laterite ratio of 1:20 and water- cement ratio of 2.45. The cement stabilized brick blocks were produced in two categories; one without the locust bean pod extract (LBPE) and the other with water replaced by 20%, 40% and 60% LBPE by weight of water. However, the blocks are moulded with a comp actives effort 4.5kg rammer, 5 layers and 35 blows each. The LBPE contained 0.061g/ml of tannin acid with a PH value of 6.5, density of 256kg/m3 and concentration of 0.048g/ml. Sorptivity analysis revealed that the capillary sorption of water against gravity reduced with increase in the amount of LBPE in the mix, with initial and secondary sorptivity values of 0.056mm/s1/2, 0.010mm/s1/2, 0.055mm/s1/2, 0.008mm/s1/2, 0.049mm/s1/2, 0.007mm/s1/2 and 0.054mm/s1/2, 0.042mm/s1/2 for the control and 20%, 40% and 60% LBPE respectively. It was then concluded that the tannin present in the pod act to bind the soil by their polymeric nature and render the surface less pervious to water.
Keywords: laterite, cement, binder, locust bean pod extract and blocks
SUB SAHARAN AFRICA AND CYBER SECURITY CHALLENGES: EXAMPLES FROM NIGERIA
IGECHI, OZEKHOME GABRIEL
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State
ABSTRACT
This paper examines Nigeria’s national economy amidst the challenges of cybersecurity management in one of Africa’s biggest democracies. The cut-throat competition for resources in the world coupled with the insecurity crises domestically and around the nation’s immediate boundaries mean that government must ensure that her cyber space is secured. Cyber security crises can negatively impact the economy by wasting resources through theft and by deteriorating investors confidence. Deploying survey research design, the research concludes that cyber security threats can be continually detrimental to the nation’s economy and that if appropriate measures are not taken to prevent them in the context of government programmes and private sector operations in the banking system and other organizations, the economy will be worse off. The research proffers some recommendations such as the enhancement of technological infrastructure, access control to critical state infrastructure, the curtailing of cyber vulnerabilities, backing up of critical data, inter-agency cooperation, and the employment of twenty-first century IT experts who can implement network segmentation and apply firewalls to protect the nation’s cyberspace.
Key Words: Cyber security, Economy, Infrastructure, Management, Technology.
BIOTECHNOLOGY: A TOOL FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
ALAWODE, RAHMATALLAH ADENIKE1, OLANIYI, AISHAT ADEOLA2, OBIDOLA, SHAKIRDEEN MAYOWA3 AND ADAMU, ISAH4
1Department of Biotechnology, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2Department of Multipurpose Tree Species Improvement and Multiplication, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria. 3Department of Crop Production Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Nigeria. 4Shelterbelt Research Station-Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Kano, Nigeria
Abstract
Nigeria currently has a population of 223million at 2.41% growth rate. For this reason, it is considered as the most populous country in Africa. The population is growing at an annual rate of 2.6% with a high fertility rate of 5.38 children per woman. According to Population Reference Bureau, Nigeria’s population would increase to approximately, 440 million by year 2050, making it the third most populous country in the world after China and India. This has led to an alarming urban growth rate of 4.1% amounting to scarcity of land and resources. Consequently, the population growth has resulted into increased competition for land and food. So, recently, malnutrition has been identified as the major constraint to the nation’s development. Children, women and the aged are the most affected. About 36.8% of children under the age of five were estimated to be stunted in 2018. To lessen this problem, it is important to increase the quality of food produced through modern biotechnology. This is a technique used in modifying biological material, improve product, boost crop yield, enhance crop nutrient, improve animal production and produce micro-organisms for targeted purposes. This paper reviews the social and economic transformation of the country and how biotechnology could be of help.
Keywords: Nigeria, Population growth, Malnutrition, Biotechnology
THE ROLE OF TEACHERS FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CHARITY AND DOING FAVOUR
MUSTAPHA ABDULKADIR SABO
Federal College of Education Jama’are, Department of Islamic Studies
ABSTRACTS
The main purpose was to spread charity and to do favors, and the result of this was that some of them mixed with each other in what was left to goodness, and this basis that pushed the first order of the scientists of the Federal College of Education Jama’are , a public who think about the height of the trench for the purpose of religious benefits and interests and Even college students give charity with what Allah has given, so the scholars and others accepted and took interest in spreading charity to buy and most importantly, buy the tools of bedding, ablution, etc. what people benefited while studying in the first place.The act of charity serves to remind an individual of their duty to God and to society, particularly Federal College of Education Jama’are and encourages the person to remember the importance helping others. Benefits of charity , doing favors such as watering water, planting sowing or planting trees with good intention, and building a masjid. Other forms of charity include sadaqah,which consists of donations of various types such as food, money, and clothing, and khairat, which is a charitable act of reciting supplication to Allah. It is an obligatory act commanded by God and is considered to be one the five pillers of islam alongside prayer, fasting,pilgrimage,and declaring the oneness of God. Charity is a sacred act that serves as a reminder of God’s mercy .
Keywords: Doing Favour, Benefits of Charity, Watering water, Planting trees, Build a Masjid