THEME: IMPACT OF COVID-19 AND GLOBAL TURBULENT IN ATTAINING SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
DATE: 31ST JANUARY, 2023
VENUE: USMAN DANFODIYO UNIVERSITY, SOKOTO, SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA
ORGANIZERS: NIGHTINGALE PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS:
ASSESSMENT OF INFORMAL E-WASTE RECYCLING ACTIVITIES IN MINNA NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
ABDULSALAM, A. B.; OWODUNNI, A. S.; & KAREEM, W. B.
Department of Industrial & Technology Education, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) has become a major concern in today’s environment, especially in developing nations such as Nigeria, which has given rise to a new environmental challenge and health problems. The study adopted a mixed research design. The targeted population for the study was 428 respondents. True Non-probability sampling techniques, snowball and convenient sampling techniques were used to draw 40 Refurbishers, 40 Recyclers, 30 collectors and 68 Environmental Protection Agency (NISEPA) staff, 49 National Environmental Standard and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) staff, and 11 Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) staff in Minna metropolis. Structured questionnaire titled “Assessment of Informal E-waste Recycling and Refurbishing Activities” and structured interviews questions were used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts, One from Niger State Environmental Protection Agency, and other two from Department of Industrial and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Cronbach Alpha was used to ascertain the extent of the internal consistency of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained for the entire instrument. Data collected was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS version 21). Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Post-hoc (Tukey Honesty Significant Difference, HSD) was used to test the difference for the rejected hypotheses at (p<0.05). The research question one shows that the mean of all the items were within 4.28 – 4.46 which is an indication that the activities are actively carried out in the study area while hypothesis one shows the analysis of f-ratio (1.584) and a significance criterion (sig) of 0.196 which is greater than p-value of 0.05. The study revealed among others that, E-waste are dismantled and disassembled to remove the valuable materials and the non-valuable materials are disposed improperly and burnt within the environment. There is lack of proper awareness of health hazards associating with E-waste equipment amongst the stakeholders involved. Also, techniques in handling and improving recycling and refurbishing e-waste are not adequately aware of. The study recommended among others, that enlightment and sensitization programme on the activities of e-wastes should be organized for e-waste collectors, recyclers; Regulatory Agency should ensure regular orientation and skill acquisition programme for the personnel involved in informal E-waste sector on proper handling method, awareness of health hazards and techniques for improving recycling and refurbishing of e-waste. Government should also ensure that the personnel involved in informal e-waste sectors are registered with the Regulatory Agency to ensure proper monitoring of their activities in the State
.
Keywords: E-waste, collection activities, Informal Recycling activities, Assessment
BIOPHILIC DESIGN STRATEGIES IN HEALTHCARE BUILDINGS.
OMAGA .A. E, LATEEF .A .L
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Evidence-based studies have shown the benefits of including nature and its elements in the built environment suggesting that they could have a positive effect on healing and health. The innate emotional attachment of human to nature and the living things in nature is known as “biophilia”. Biophilic design is an approach that integrates nature into the buildings in which people live to foster human-nature relationship. Extensive literature review gives a clear understanding of Biophilic design and confirms a link between patient’s recovery and building with nature. The study is aimed at assessing the extent to which biophilic design strategies is adopted in hospital buildings in Nigeria. Case study methodology was adopted to give
critical analysis of existing health facilities and Biophilic design strategy adopted. The Selected hospitals have been evaluated through the 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design strategies defined by Browning et al., 2014 and the results presented descriptively with the use of tables. The findings showed low consideration of these principles in health facilities of Nigeria and further gives pointers on how Biophilic design strategies could be applied in design for positive outcomes.
Keywords: biophilia, biophilic design, healing environment, nature, wellbeing.
INTEGRATION OF FLEXIBLE DESIGN TECHNIQUES IN THE DESIGN OF A MIXED-USE BUILDING TOWARDS ADDRESSING DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN ABUJA
ABDULSALAM M.; & EZE, J. C.
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
As the needs of owners and residents change, buildings often need to be refurbished, resulting in high costs during construction, operation and maintenance with loss of functional use of the building. Most new building projects are focused on a specific program for which they are perfectly meant for. However, in this era of economically challenging times we need buildings that can easily adapt to changes in the market in order to prolong their durability. Combining living and working gives a lot of planning problems because, both the two functions compliments one another in the use of qualities spaces. In addition, the usual cycle of building and demolishing buildings is now becoming a big problem which needs strategic solutions. Hence, this study develops a systematic approach to study and analyze the properties of expected changes in the facility constructed and specific design strategies that may increase significantly the flexibility or ability to adapt to changes in the building. Therefore, three types of changes to the building are in its function, the capacity of the system, and the environment and flow of people in and around the building. These design strategies can provide specific means to change the interactions between the functions, systems and environment which will effectively and efficiently compensate for changes during refurbishment, later. It was recommended that these design strategies will increase the initial value of construction costs average less than 2%, usually reducing the original construction time.
KEYWORDS: Adaptability, Approach, Flexibility, Mixed-used and Strategies
ANALYSIS OF TREND IN RENTAL VALUE OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES IN ABUJA
AYENI, O. F.; KEMIKI, O. A.; POPOOLA, N. I.; & MUSA, H. D.
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna
Abstract
The study analysed the trend in rental value of residential property in Abuja. The study utilized systematic random sampling to relevant rental data from registered estate surveyors and valuers. the study sampled 2401 residential transactions across the selected areas in Abuja. The study utilized both trend analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result of trend analysis revealed that average rental values in Wuse and Maitama exhibited upward and steady movement showing a stable market and overlapped other areas. The result of analysis of variance revealed there is statistically significant difference in rental values across the study area. Further analysis of HSD revealed that bulk of rental difference can be found in Wuse and Maitama. The study concludes that the value of environmental amenity should be captured in the price of residential properties close to it. The study recommends that government, developers and prospective investors should consider investing in residential property types specifically two and three bedroom as it promised good returns on capital invested.
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT RETURN IN BOSSO AND SHANGO MINNA,
NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.
BELLO MURTALA AND NAOMI, POPOOLA
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Faculty of Environmental Science Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna.
ABSTRACT
The study comparatively assesses the residential real estate investment return in Bosso and Shango neighborhoods area of Minna Niger State, Nigeria. The aim of the study is to comparatively assess the level of return on residential real estate investment in the study area. Data and information were collected through the use of two set of structured questionnaire in which a total number of 250 and 110 questionnaire were administered in Bosso and Shango neighborhood respectively A total number 235 and 105 filled questionnaires were returned successfully, while second questionnaire for estate surveyors and valuers The sampling techniques which was adopted for the study is systematic random sampling technique. The data collected from the field was analyzed by using frequencies and percentages for the demographic variables of the respondents while mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the respondent’s opinions to the item statements in the questionnaire, factor analysis among others. The findings of study revealed that, all the respondents agreed that factors such as location, size, area and shape of land, soil characteristics, electricity and water supply, ownership status/certificate, change of policies of the state and local authorities, age of the building, materials used for the construction among others influence residential real estate investment in the study areas. The study recommended that, other study should explore the condition of properties itemizing all the building component and material used on quality based And it may be worthy to explore other factors including many locations in the study areas and the Prospective investors in residential real estate investment should always compare the return on similar properties before taken a decision for investment, because the performance of similar investments in the area may be the basis for success of the other investment.
FLEXIBLE LEARNING SYSTEM AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY IN THE 21ST CENTURY BUSINESS EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE
NWOSU, NGOZI LORETTA
Department of Technology and Vocational Education, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study determine the role of the flexible learning system in improving the quality of instructional delivery in the 21st-century business education programme in tertiary institutions. two research questions guided the study and one hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 109 business educators. A structured questionnaire that was validated by three experts was used to collect data for the study. The application of Cronbach Alpha on the data collected yielded a coefficient values of.82 and.88 for clusters 1 and 2 with an overall reliability coefficient of .85. mean, standard deviation and t-test were used to analyze data for the study. Findings revealed that that flexible learning system would help in improving the quality of instructional delievery in business education in tertiary institutions in Anambra State because it facilitates increased access to business education programme and allows students to determine the sequence of content according to their desire among others. Findings also showed that clearly identifying the objectives of the flexible learning course and ensuring that assessment is aimed to transfer student’s newly constructed knowledge to learners’ future learning through sharing their work with their peers and the instructor are some of the strategies for enhancing the use of flexible learning system for improving the quality of instructional delivery in the 21st-century business education programme in tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Business educators did not differ in their mean ratings based on the years of experience. The researcher recommended among others that tertiary institution administrators should support the implementation of flexible learning systems because it is an excellent chance to rethink teaching and learning and harness technology to modify old-fashioned paradigms for educating students for the future.
Keywords: Flexible Learning, Quality, Instructional Delivery, 21st Century, Business Education
DENSIFICATION OF BIOMASS BY BRIQUETTING: A REVIEW
ELINGE COSMOS MOKI; BIRNIN YAURI; ABUBAKAR UMAR; AND PAUL SALAWU
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Great stress on energy demands has been imposed due to continuously increasing population. Focusing all attention to alternate sources of energy. In this context, briquetting presents efficient utilization of biomass as a source of energy and fuel. The process of briquetting is based on the densification of loose biomass available as agricultural residues, municipal as well as paper waste etc. This leads to increased calorific value by the elimination of volatile matter and gives a solid fuel which is easy to transport and store and helps to curb environmental pollution also. This review has reported various technologies being used to make briquettes like screw extrusion, hydraulic press. piston presses etc. To popularize this technology, new machines and new challahs designs. optimization of different parameters like compression temperature, pressure, feedstock availability etc. has been discussed. Awareness can be imparted among people for maximum utilization of biomass briquettes to save fuel for future and for sustainable energy production.
AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY INVESTMENTS IN MINNA, NIGERIA
PHILIP AYOMIDE AJE AND NAMNSO BASSEY UDOEKANEM
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study evaluated the performance of residential property investments in Minna, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected through field survey using multi-stage sampling technique. This involved the selection of estate surveying and valuation firms which are active in the residential property market in Minna through purposive sampling technique and thereafter, residential investment properties managed by these firms were selected using simple random sampling technique. Thus, a total of 382 residential investment properties were selected from the property portfolio of estate surveying and valuation firms in the city for the study. Structured questionnaire was administered to the managers of these properties for data collection. Data collected for the study include the capital value, annual expenses in form of taxes, rates, repairs etc. and annual rental value of 1-BR, 2-BR and 3-BR apartments for the period, 2009 – 2021. Data collected for the study were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The analysis of variance in total return produced calculated F˗values of 2.139636, 2.928597 and 2.941148 for 1-BR, 2-BR and 3-BR apartments respectively with p ≤ 0.05. This indicates that the variance in total return for all residential investment property types across all the study locations is statistically significant. The study also found that the risk associated with this return varies according to the residential property investment types across all the locations considered in the study. It recommends that prudent residential real estate investors in the city require impeccable pre-investment appraisal of residential property investments at all locations in the city before investing their capital, particularly if they are risk averse.
Keywords: Residential property; Investment performance; Total return; Risk; Minna
PRODUCTION OF LACCASE BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR TREATMENT OF TEXTILE EFFLUENT
SULEIMAN UMAR; OLABISI PETER ABIOYE; & SHEHU USMAN ABDULMALIK
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna Nigeria
Abstract
Evaluation of laccase produced by Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger isolate for treatment of textile effluent was investigated in the study. The bacteria and fungi isolate (Bacillus subtilis and aspergillus niger) strains were tested for laccase producing ability through plate test method. An increase in temperature and pH was revealed to have a significant effect on Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis at (0.61±0.02 and 0.51±0.15) and (0.27±0.15 and 0.39±0.14) respectively. Although Aspergillus niger had high resistant to change in temperature and pH compared to Bacillus subtilis. The findings further revealed that at different quantity (10 mL, 20 mL and 30 mL) of application of laccase produce by Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis, there are significance difference of the absorbance rate with average of 0.46±0.13 and 0.49±0.11. The physical chemical properties such as pH, total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity of the textile effluent tend to varies significantly with the application laccase at different quantity. The researcher thereby concluded that laccase produced by Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis are very good agent for treatment of textile effluent.
Keywords: Laccase, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, textile effluents, enzyme
ASSESSMENT OF THE BUILDING MAINTENANCE PRACTICES IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF KUJE CORRECTIONAL FACILITY, ABUJA.)
MAMMAN YABAGI JOEL AND ABASS IYANDE SULE
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna
Abstract
The study is on the assessment of building maintenance practice of public institutions in Abuja with reference to kuje correctional facility. The study stems from the deplorable state of public building which accounts for a fund chunk of our national asset. The study assessed the maintenance approach of public institutions if any and the qualifications of maintenance department. Data collated for the research included both qualitative and quantitative data. The latter, which comprises the condition of the physical building component, was analysed using simple statistical tool. Findings from the study indicate that the government do not have a clear cut maintenance programme for public buildings. Recommendations emphasises the need for adequate budgeting for maintenance and a planned maintenance schedule that should be carried out by professional maintenance personnel.
Keywords: Maintenance, Public structures, Building component
EXPLORING THE PRINCIPLE OF BIOMORPHIC ARCHITECTURE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER’S COMFORT IN OFFICE BUILDING, ABUJA, NIGERIA
KOLO, S.* AND ADEMOLA, L. T.
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger state, Nigeria
Abstract
Thermal comfort is a major concern in most tropical buildings. There has been an upsurge in energy consumption to achieve comfort in office building due to reliance on mechanical ventilation and cooling. This rise in energy usage may result to release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere leading to ozone layer depletion (Akande, 2015). The new trends for eco-friendly design have raised biomorphic architectural principles as an option to overtake air-conditioned system. This paper explores the principles of biomorphic architecture in office buildings to ensures user’s thermal comfort and energy efficiency. A descriptive survey method was adopted with a structured observation schedule focusing on elements of biomorphic architecture. Data obtained were documented and analysed using Microsoft excel package. The result shows windows and glazed façade as the major source of openings used to ensure natural lighting and ventilation. Human inspired form and habitat inspired form were sparingly used as nature inspired form. Grasses, shrubs and indoor plant are vegetations used while fins and deep verandah were widely adopted. Fountain was the only water element adopted. There is need to incorporate adequately element of biomorphic architecture. Therefore, the study recommends; effectively used of building openings through the use of courtyard or ventilated atria to allows natural ventilation and lighting of the building; adequate vegetations and indoor plant to reduce heat gain, provision of water bodies as evaporative cooling element and adoption of biomorphic form to simulate natural environment. These will ensure desirable thermal comfort, energy efficiency while improving user’s productivity.
Keywords: Biomorphic architecture, Energy consumption, Thermal comfort, Energy efficiency, User’s productivity
ATTITUDES OF FOOD HANDLER’S IN CENTRAL ZONE OF TARABA STATE TOWARDS KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF FOOD HYGIENE
B.M. ADAMU1; & S. I. ABUBAKAR2
1Clinic, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State Nigeria. 2Department of Agricultural and Bioenvironmental Engineering Technology Federal Polytechnic, Bali
Abstract
This study examines the attitudes of food handlers in the central zone of Taraba state towards knowledge and practices of food hygiene. The population of the study is 600 food handlers (comprising of 200 each from Bali, Gashaka, Gassol, Kurmi and Sardauna Local Government Areas selected at random). However, 360 questionnaires were finally retrieved (87 for Bali, 59 for Gashaka, 98 for Gassol, 61 for Kurmi and 97 for Sardauna). The results obtained were analysed using simple descriptive statistics. The information gathered indicated that 97% of the respondents did not undergo any training on food handling. In addition 95% are not using any form of personal protective equipment (e.g. apron and cap) while handling or processing food. Only 37% of the respondents make provision of disinfectants to customers in their food businesses and only 29% knows about food poisoning. Finally 78% of the respondents believe that continues awareness should serve as good step in educating food handlers on how to prevent the spread of food borne diseases. It is recommended that authorities should embark on programmes that will educate food handlers so as to curtail the spread of food borne diseases.
Keywords: Attitudes, Food handlers, Central zone, Knowledge, Hygiene.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL SOIL MOISTURE SENSING-BASED IRRIGATION SCHEME
FREDERICK OJIEMHENDE EHIAGWINA*1,, JOHN OLUSEGUN AZANUBI2, SUNDAY OGHENERUEMU ASAKPA3
1, 2Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic Offa, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria. 3Department of Computer Science, The Federal Polytechnic Offa, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study proposed using an automated watering system to provide for plant needs while using less water and labor. A system can be operated by an automatic irrigation system without the need for human intervention. The system comprises of soil moisture sensor, a PIC Microcontroller and a relay interface board. The irrigation system consists of lanes through which each segment of the land is flooded and the flooding is controlled using valves. There is also a motor pump that is used to fill the water Tanker. The three soils were dried in a frying pan until all the moisture was gone to produce the results. For the red soil, the black soil, and the sandy soil, 250 grams were measured. Sensor values were obtained after each addition of 25cm3 of water. For the three soils—black soil, sand soil, and red soil—the value of the soil sensor in dry soil was 1021, 1022, and 1020, respectively. The resistance value dropped dramatically to a range of 500 after adding 50 cm3. The resistance value decreased as there was more water added. The drop in soil resistance started to decrease at a considerably slower rate at about 100 cm3 of water. This is so that more water cannot significantly increase soil resistance because the soil is already saturated with water at this time. Three states were established for the sensor after calibration. The states are dry, damp, and soggy. Upon reaching the dry condition, the microcontroller activates the water pump via a relay circuit.
Keywords: Irrigation, soil sensor, moisture sensor, wireless sensor network
IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON WATER RESOURCES OF KADUNA STATE,
NIGERIA.
MUHAMMAD LAWAL UBALE1; AND ONOJA BENJAMIN UFEDO2
1Department of Urban and Regional Planning, College of Environmental studies, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna Nigeria. 2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nigerian Defence Academy Post Graduate School, Ribadu Campus, NDA, Kaduna , Nigeria.
Abstract:
This paper examined the high rate of urban growth in Kaduna metropolis and its impact on the water resources from 1973 to 2022 which is 49 years. The study employs the use of Remote Sensing (RS) and the Geographical Information System (GIS). Data used for the study include: Landsat Imagery of 1973, 1990, and GeoEye image of 2012, 2022 and the population data for 1963, 1990, 2012 and 2022. The data was used to determine the rate of growth within the study area and its impact on water resources of the study area. The study revealed that there is a great increase in urbanization within the study area and as a result, resulted to a great impact on the water resources.
Keyword: Urbanization, Water Resources, Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information Service (GIS).
THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF MACRO MARKET ENVIRONMENT: THE SMALL SCALE BUSINESS SUCCESS PERSPECTIVE IN TARABA STATE NIGERIA
BAGUDU, AHMAD IBRAHIM; & MARLIYA ABDULHAMID
Department of Office Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, P.M.B 05 Bali, Taraba State
Abstract
The main focus of this paper is on the CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF MACRO MARKET ENVIRONMENT: The Small Scale Business Success Perspective in Taraba State Nigeria. The paper described the popularity of the framework as it gained wider coverage in some literatures as the predominant theory of how a Small Scale Business competed in the marketplace which aligned to macro market environment such as Democratic, Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environmental, Legal and Customer (DPESTELC). It also discussed how the framework of business environment brought about high levels of change within two sets of constraints which are either external or internal, which resulted in increased uncertainty and unpredictability as either negative or positive influence on small scale business success and looked into the essential ingredients that brings about success operation of business enterprises in Taraba State, Nigeria. Finally the paper draws conclusion and recommendations on the CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF MACRO MARKET ENVIRONMENT: The Small Scale Business Success Perspective in Taraba State Nigeria
Keywords: Conceptual Framework, Macro Market, Environment, Small Scale Business and Success
CHEMICALS ANALYSIS OF Ananas comosus LEAVES
1ADEBAYO, O.R., 1ADEGOKE, B.M., 1AFOLABI, F., 1RAIMI, M.M.,1SHITTU, S.A. AND 1OYETADE, O.A., 2SALAM, A.M., AND 1FALADE, A.R.
1Department of Applied Sciences, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. 2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree.
Abstract
The Ananas comosus are fruits with medicinal properties, commonly grown in South America. The study was undertaken to estimate its mineral contents (mg/g) potassium (14.15), magnesium (12.00), sodium (11.40), calcium (8.50), manganese (0.14), copper (0.23), iron (0.43), zinc (1.32) , bioactive compositions phenol (11.3%), saponins (5.63%), flavonoids (6. 68%), tannins (0.45mg/g), alkaloids (5.19mg/g) and glycosides (3.35mg/kg), antioxidant properties (mg/g) such as vitamin B1 (2.39), vitamin B2 (0.40)) and vitamins C (1.79) and the nutritional values ( %) carbohydrate (52.53), crude fats (15.68), moisture content (14.48), protein content (7.58), crude fibre (6.75), ash content (2.99) . The presence of bioactive compounds coupled with some micro and macro minerals elements in the fruit leaves, if consumed in sufficient amount, will contribute to nutritional requirements for good health in man. The plant leaves may also serve as source of pharmaceutical formulation and food supplements.
Key words: Ananas comosus, bioactive compositions, antioxidant properties
A STUDY OF ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS IN NEURAL NETWORK VARIANT TECHNIQUE
OWOJORI O. TUNDE1, OLABIYISI O. STEPHEN1, ISMAILA W. OLADIMEJI1, OMIDIORA E. OLUSAYO2 ISMAILA FOLASADE. M. 3,
1Department of Computer Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. 2Department of Computer Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. 3Department of Computer Science Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria.
Abstract
Activation functions are an extremely important part of the artificial neural networks that are used to calculate weighted and biases and also to generate the outputs of neural network. However, selecting an appropriate activation transfer for a classification problem has been task faced by researchers. This paper presented an approach for evaluating the various types of activation functions (sigmoidal, sine, hardlim, and trianglar) of Extreme learning machine (ELM). 997 data samples were collected from an open source on software defection. The dataset were pre-processed to make it suitable for classification. The parameters setting of the ELM network were given.with a fixed learning rate. Sigmoid function gave the highest accuracy of about 71%.
Keywords: Extreme learning machine, activation functions, sigmoidal, sine, hardlim, trianglar
MODELING SLUM AND INFORMAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN AKURE, NIGERIA (1986-2019)
ADEDEJI A. A.1, JUNAID A. M.2, SANNI L.M 3.
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Abstract
Slums and informal housing developments in Akure are growing at an unprecedented rate. It was on this basis that this work assessed the indices of slum and informal housing development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A stratified sampling method was used in selecting the corridors, and a simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the residents in the corridors. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire administered to 600 respondents with the aid of trained enumerators. Descriptive statistics, spatial analysis, and logistic regression models were used for the analysis. The study concluded that between 16.3% and 40.8% of the variance in predicting whether there is or is not development of slum and informal housing in Akure were explained by the following predictors: housing shortage, lack of affordable housing, high incidences of urban poverty, lack of planning and development plans, inadequate development control by planning agencies, inadequate provision of sites and services, tenure insecurity, inadequate neighbourhood facilities and services, and inadequate sanitation, with significance values of 0.000, 0.035, 0.000, 0.045, 0.005, 0.021, 0.030, 0.024, and 0.000, respectively. Each of these values were less than 0.05. The study recommended that the state government should upgrade earth roads to gravel and construct distribution roads with drainage, especially in areas like Igoba, Ijoka, and Orita-Obele in Akure.
Keywords: Modeling, Slum and Informal, Housing Development, Logistic Regression
CHALLENGES IN THE VALUATION OF SPECIALIZED PROPERTIES: A STUDY OF SELECTED HEALTH CARE CENTRES IN MINNA, NIGERIA
GARBA, IDRIS; & PROF. M. B. NUHU
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna
ABSTRACT
Valuation is the act or process of determining an opinion of or conclusion of value of an asset on a stated basis of value at a specified date in compliance with International Valuation Standard. The determination of the opinion of value of the healthcare properties is face with a lots of challenges or issues due to the uniqueness arising from its specialized nature and design, its configuration, size, location or otherwise. Healthcare properties are developed to provide healthcare services. These services make it design to be categorized under specialized properties. The scope of the study was to examine the challenges in the valuation of specialized properties with specific reference to Jummai Babangida Aliyu Maternal and Neonatal wing (Minna General Hospital Extension), Dr. Senetor Ibrahim Idris Kuta Memorial Primary Healthcare Centre and Dr. Musa Inuwa Hospital. The aim of the study is to examine the challenges associated with the valuation of selected health care properties in Minna with the following key objectives which include examine the methods of valuation (cost, income and sales method of valuation) of specialized properties, examine the process in the valuation of health care properties, examine the issues/challenges in the valuation of health care properties. The methodology utilized for this study are physical measurement of health care properties which produce site and floor plans with their details of constructions and questionnaire administration. Data were analysed using statistical techniques such as the percentage, frequency tables and graph. The result shows that issues associated in the valuation of healthcare property to include; limitation of method options or approaches to the valuation process of specialized property (healthcare property) due to its specialty and uniqueness in nature, inadequate record keeping for both assets and financial transactions and the inability to gain access to some restricted part of the medical/healthcare facility leading to making assumptions which must not be 100% correct. This may affect the opinion of Value of the subject property. Also the result shows that when Estate Surveyor and Valuer has limited access to the subject property for valuation he can make use of technology like satellite imagery, Google earth application and making adequate enquiry from the staff of the hospital, make reasonable assumptions and state clearly in the valuation report that inspection was limited or restricted to the open surroundings of the property. It therefore recommended that the three (3) methods or approaches of valuation; Cost, Income and Sales Comparison Methods should be applied in the Valuation process in order to arrive with objective opinion of value of healthcare properties. There is need for the government to enforce compliance of International Valuation Standard which brought about International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) and good Accounting Record Keeping in the health care industry as well as estate surveyors and valuers should embrace the culture of thorough market survey on hospital equipment through internet and visitation of sales outfit and self-adaptation to the characteristics of healthcare properties.
Keywords: Healthcare, Valuers, Challenges, and Valuation
EFFECT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON ESTATE AGENCY PRACTICE IN ABUJA, NIGERIA.
ANOMA MOTUNRAYO GEORGE & KEMIKI A. OLUROTIMI
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna.
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the Effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on estate agency practice in Abuja, Nigeria. The study’s data were collected using structured questionnaires and personal interviews with real estate firms registered with ESVARBON and NIESV, the association of estate agents of Nigeria registered with AEAN and real estate development firms registered with Redan with offices in Abuja, Nigeria. A total of 242 questionnaire were administered out of which 230 was obtained and were examined using standard deviation, mean score, factor analytical hierarchy advancement and multiple linear regression analysis. phone calls, SMS, microsoft offices packages, company website promotions and other social media platforms are the primary ICT tools utilized by real estate agencies in Abuja, Nigeria. The study also found that company website promotion through ranking is the most influential ICT application in Abuja real estate agency transactions. In addition, phone calls and SMS are the most significant tools followed by property website promotion and whatsapp affect the frequency of real estate transactions in the study area while Twitter has the least significant tools and the insignificant tools such as LinkedIn. It recommends that practitioners and real estate firms benefit from ICT in real estate services, the various real estate agency bodies, such as NIESV, REDAN, and AEAN which are charged with regulating the profession, should develop the relevant regulations and guidelines and that future research should analyze the function of trust in property transaction frequency to identity how trust influences transaction frequency.
Keywords: Real Estate Practice, Information and Communication Technology
EFFECTS OF CULTIVAR AND AGE OF MOTHER-PLANT ON THE VIABILITY AND VIGOUR QUALITIES OF FOUR BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) PLANTS.
MUSTAPHA, A., IBRAHIM, H., GANA, A.S., SALAUDEEN, M.T. & ADEDIRAN, A.O.
Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology Minna
ABSTRACT
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important fruit vegetable belonging to the family Solanaceae. The demand for this crop as a vegetable has increased especially in the urban centres, however, availability of quality seeds for sustainable production to meet the high demand has become a big challenge. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of cultivars and ages of mother-plant on the viability and vigour of bell pepper seeds. The experiment was arranged in a 4 × factorial using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factors were four cultivars of pepper and 6 plant ages. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology Minna in 2020. The seeds were stored in an incubator set at 37 C and 75% relative humidity to accelerate the aging process for 8 weeks and the following parameters were tested weekly; seed germination percentage, seed vigour index and seed leachate electro-conductivity. The seeds of “Dan Damaso” and harvesting physiologically matured fruits when the mother-plant was 99 days old produced seeds with superior germination and vigour in the study.
ASSESSING THE USE OF DIFFERENT DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR MULTISTOREY CARPARKS TOWARDS ADDRESSING DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN ABUJA METROPOLIS
TIJANI, I. A.; & LAWAL, L. A. T.
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The population growth of the world is continuously on the increase in which towns and cities have grown up around their public transport system. Economic activities generate traffic as a result of intensified use of urban space thereby increasing demand for parking accommodation. This has indeed created the need for the design and construction of multistorey car park to cater for the accommodation of large volume of cars within the limited spaces in city centres such as Abuja metropolis, in other to identify the most efficient parking designs for use by stakeholders. A qualitative case study method was adopted for this work. The findings of the study showed that the most used multistorey ramp designs in Abuja is the parallel, straight ramp design, due to its economical space utilization and lower cost of construction, even though the curve ramp design is known to be safer for drivers. The split-level floor system was found to be more space efficient and the most commonly constructed floor system compared to the sloping floor system. The results of the study suggest that for efficient space management a straight ramped type of multistorey car park, with parallel ramped design is therefore recommended. Although, further research will need to be conducted in other to know the most secured multistorey carpark design for driver safety.
KEYWORDS: Multistorey car park, Space utilization, Ramp design, population growth.
IMPACT OF THE APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM ON LAND ADMINISTRATION IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA
AGBANA SAMUEL OLUFEMI; & KEMIKI OLUROTIMI ADEBOWALE
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
Land plays an important role in the economy of nations and the manner in which land falling within their territories are being administered has been a matter for popular discourse in several fora globally. A major outcome of these discussions has been the need to automate Land Administration processes through the use of tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Nigeria is not left out in this global drive and a few states including the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) have adopted the use of GIS for its Land Administration. This paper examined the impact which GIS has on the land administration process within the FCT with particular reference to time taken transactions and the revenue generated from the process. The findings revealed that the application of GIS to Land Administration has greatly impacted on the time taken for transactions with the time taken for some processes reduced by over fifty percent and revenues have been largely improved even surpassing empirical projections such that the peak revenue after introducing GIS is about 718 percent above that of the pre GIS period. The study recommends that other state governments should consider adopting the GIS tools to Land Administration if not already in use, best practice standard should be inculcated, introducing online transactions should be strongly considered and Staff training, sanction and reward systems should be taken seriously.
Keywords: Land, Land Administration, Geographic Information System, Titleholder
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBAPENEM RESISTANT Acinetobacter baumannii ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM IN-PATIENTS OF TWO SELECTED HOSPITALS IN MINNA, NIGERIA
AYAMS JUDE NDANUSA; ADABARA NASIRU USMAN; & ENEJIYON SHERIFAT OZAVIZE
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are fast rising threat to the global medical health care system. This study determined the presence of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii among in-patients of two selected hospitals in Minna, Niger State. One-hundred and ten samples comprising of urine, sputum and wound swab were collected from in-patients of each hospital. The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar for the isolation of Gram negative bacteria. Acinectobacter baumanii isolates were identified using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the resistance profile of the isolates were determined using the Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Carbapenemase production was detected using simplified carbapenem inactivation method while the presence of betalactamase encoding genes (blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51) were detected using PCR. The results indicated that 7(5.65%) A. baumanii were isolated from all the samples. The isolates were identified as strain Ab7 (42.86%), NCTC_7364 (28.57%), Ab21 (14.29%) and NCTC_7412 (14.29%). About 71.5% and 85.7% of the isolates showed resistance against meropenem and imipenem respectively. Total (100%) resistance to Trimethoprim-sulphamethaxole, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, fosfomycin and tetracycline was also observed. Whereas, they were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin (85.7%), gentamycin (85.7%), colistin (71.4%) and ceftriaxone (71.4%). The result also indicated that 100% and 42.86% of the isolates were positive for blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes respectively. High prevalence of CRAB among patients was recorded. This is of concern, routine surveillance and comprehensive infection control measures are needed to minimize the spread of this pathogen.
Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, betalactamase, Carbapenem, Carbapenemase, Resistance
EVALUATION OF SAFETY DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN OF MIXED-USE BUILDING, ABUJA.
DALHAT NAZIFI; AND REMI EBENEZA OLAGUNJU
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract:
People across the world face growing insecurity, violent conflict spreading and intensifying and the natural systems on which human life depends on, is in jeopardy. In recent time, Architecture designs have emerged worldwide as one of the most promising and currently effective approaches to reducing opportunities for crime. The basic principles of crime prevention through design in building is that proper design and effective use of the built environment can be used to reduce the fear and incidence of crime and thereby improve the overall quality of life. Studies have shown that in communities where these principles have been implemented, criminal activity has decreased by as much as 40 percent. Environmental crime prevention has many positive aspects which deter crime instead of addressing criminal activity after it occurs. This study set out to proffer solutions to the rising insecurity challenges in mixed use buildings in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. This was achieved through the development of a framework from CPTED, on architectural strategies used to deter crime from thriving in mixed use buildings. A user perception survey was carried out using case study to identify safety and security inadequacies in the selected buildings. The outcome of the study shows that designers and developers play important role and influence in enhancing the safety and security of the community. Hence, confirming the need to improve the impediment of variables like Natural Access control, Landscape for Security, Natural Surveillance, Activity Support, Zooning for Security, and Tour guide and Watch tower, in respect to CPTED principles in the design of Mixed-use building in Abuja.
Keywords: CPTED, Mixed-Use Building, Safety and Security.
ANTIDIABETIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC POTENTIALS OF M. charentia METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT ON ALBINO RATS
JUDE NWAOGU; ISAH MUSA FAKAI; OGBO JOHN OGBALE; AND ABDULHAMID ZUBAIRU
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces(type 2 diabetes). The aim of this research was to determine antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic potentials of M. charentia methanol leaf extract on rats. The phytochemical screening was carried out using standard laboratoryprotocols. Alloxan was used to induced diabetes and extract was administered orally (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, for 21 days. Antidiabetic, lipid profile and antioxidant activities we determine adopting standard methods. Histological examination of liver and pancreas during 21 days of treatment was also carried out. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phlobatanins, saponin, glycoside, phenols and terpenoids. The extract revealed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in fasting blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. However non-significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in serum lipid profile levels,antioxidant vitamins and enzymes in extract treated diabetic rats, when compared with diabetic, normal and standard drug treated rats. Histopathological studies of the pancreas showed comparable regeneration of the cells by extract which were earlier necrosed by alloxan. M. charentia methanol leaf extract revealed an outstanding antidiabetic potential with regeneration effect on pancreatic islets of Langerhans, and also revealed a non-toxic profile at acute dose. However, the extracts exhibit minimal hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities on diabetic rats
Keywords: Alloxan, Antidiabetic, histology, antioxidants, M. charentia, Lipid profile.
EFFECT OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND FLOODING OCCURRENCES IN MINNA METROPOLIS, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
AKPAN, ENO EMMANUEL; & DR S. OJOYE
Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology Minna
Abstract
This study examined the drainage network and flood occurrence in Rafin Yashi, Kure market, IBB specialist, Tayi and MYPA junction in Minna metropolis. The objectives of this study include; examine the floods occurrence in the study area, examine the factors that are responsible for flooding in Minna metropolis, examine the drainage characteristics of the study area, and analyze the pattern of urban drainage system and flood occurrence of the study area. However, this study employs quantitative research method, through which both primary and secondary data were collected. The primary data were collected through the use of semi-structured questionnaires and the secondary data were obtained from the Niger state Geographic Information System (NIGIS) from 2011-2020. Descriptive statistics and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were utilized to analyse the data. However, about 70% of the respondents were male and 30% were female. The result of the study showed that excessive rainfall is the major cause of rainfall in the study. Areas within 150-200metre were identified as areas vulnerable to flood and areas at 400metre were identified as areas with very low vulnerability to flooding. Approximately 39% of the study area were prone to flood in 2011, while it was about 48% of the area were vulnerable to flood in 2020, this can be attributed to changes in land use. There is 68% chances of flood occurrence in Rafin Yashi within 1-5year, 42% chances of flood occurrence in Kure market between 6-10years, 59% of flood in IBB specialist occurs within 1-5, 52% of flood occurrence in Tayi within 1-5years and 42% of flood in Mypa occurs within 1-5years. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) indicated that areas like Tayi village and Rafin Yashin are located on higher elevation which makes it runoff water to drain into downstream, thus, making it rare for flood to occur in these areas. Whilst, areas like Mypa junction, IBB specialist and Kure Market were located on the downstream, which made difficult for runoff to drain into the nearby streams. Rafin Yashi and Tayi village were identified as the watershed of the study area. However, this study concluded that excessive rainfall is the pertinent cause of flood in the study area.
Keywords: Flood occurrence, Rainfall, Urban Drainage System and Minna
ASSESSMENT OF HOUSING INTERVENTIONS OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES FOR EMPLOYEES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN MINNA, NIGERIA
OLAGUNJU, REMI EMMANUEL; AND POPOOLA, N. I
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technolonogy, Minna
ABSTRACT
This study assesses housing interventions of cooperative societies for employees of public institutions in Minna, Nigeria. The study focused on the institutional characteristics, strategies of housing interventions, rate of employee’s access to loan and level of satisfaction. Both primary and secondary data were used. Data were collected from 5 (five) Cooperative Societies across the 3 (three) public institutions in Minna, Nigeria and 341 (three hundred and forty-one) members of the selected Cooperative Societies. Relative importance index (RII), Likert scale, simple percentages and relative satisfaction index (RSI) were employed in analyzing the data collected. The study revealed that collective purchase of land and embarking on building construction, building materials acquisition, provision of specific loans for land purchase, and provision of special loans for renovation of existing buildings are the strategies more focused on while 59% of the employees have accessed housing interventions from the cooperative societies. Conclusively, the housing intervention of cooperative societies for employees of public institutions is considered to be good as the level of employees’ level of satisfaction with the loan benefit is based on a relative satisfaction index of 0.42 and 0.78. The study recommends that all cooperative societies of the public institutions in Minna can adopt collective purchase of land and embark on building construction, building materials acquisition, provision of specific loans for land purchase, and provision of special loans for renovation of existing buildings strategies to enhance the cooperative housing intervention while Government should strengthen and sustain the growth and capacity of Cooperative Societies in public institutions through National Housing Policy (NHP) so as to serve as a tool in meeting housing needs of employees with a reflection on goal 9, 11, 1 and 3 of the SDGs 2030.
Keywords: Housing, corporative societies, Employees, Public Institution
BIOPHILIC DESIGN: TOWARDS ENHANCING USER’S COMFORT VIA DIRECT EXPERIENCE WITH NATURE IN HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING, ABUJA, NIGERIA
ABDULKADIR J.* AND OLAGUNJU, R. E.
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger state, Nigeria
Abstract
High-rise buildings are becoming a trend today due to the shortage of land in cities and rural-urban migration. According to the United Nation (UN, 2014) population report, more than half of the world’s population will live in urban areas, with the figure expected to rise to 60% by 2030. This makes the liveability of high-density city a central point of interest and concern. The energy consumption of high-rise buildings is enormous and should be regulated, to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, global rising temperatures and climate change. This paper seeks to assess biophilic design based on direct experience with nature in high-rise residential apartment with a view to ensures user’s comfort and energy efficiency. Six high-rise building were selected from Abuja; the study area. A descriptive survey was adopted for the research and a structured observation schedule with variables utilized focusing on biophilic direct experience which includes; natural lighting and ventilation, presence of water, presence of animals, contact with weather through sit-out, vegetations and natural ecosystem. Data obtained were documented and analysed using Microsoft excel package. The study reveals that most high-rise building adopts natural light and ventilation. Few of the building accessed makes provision for plants/ vegetations, while none make provision water/pool, and animals within the building. In order to ensure safe, healing, and healthier living environment through biophilia; this study recommends the use of well landscaped courtyard/atrium with fountains, green roofs, balconies to ensure contact with weather, and gardens to promote natural ecosystem.
Keywords: Biophilic design, Energy consumption, User’s comfort, High-rise Building, Energy efficiency
THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF COLONIALISM ON AFRICANS AND EUROPEANS’ RELATIONS
INUWA ALIYU BOBO; AND ABUBAKAR MOHAMMED
Department of History, A.D. Rufa’i College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State
ABSTRACT
Very few, if anyone, can argue that Africa’s relation with Europe is an asymmetrical one which costs the continent positive and sustainable developments in the political, economic and social spheres. Before the coming of Europeans into the continent, there was a traditional system of administration, economy and social relationships ranging from powerful empires to decentralize groups of ancient kingdoms e.g. Ghana, Dahomey, Songhai, Mali, Kanem-Borno. As far as Africa is concerned during the period of early development, it is preferable to speak in terms of traditions rather than civilizations. It should be noted that the defining contact between Africa and Europe originated with the slave trade, which saw the capture and forceful transportation of millions of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean. The colonization of Africa also led to the colonisers’ (stronger partner) exploitation of African colonies (weaker partner)[1], especially the resources, to strengthen and enrich the economies of Western nations.
KEYWORDS: Negative impacts, Relations, African, European.
A REVIEW ON OP-AMP BASED FUNCTION GENERATOR: DESIGN AND SIMULATION
JIBRIN ABUBAKAR1, MOHAMMED ADAMU SULE2, BUBAKARI JODA3, ABBAS ADAMU4, DABO Y. DABS5
1,3Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Tech., Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria. 2Department of Computer Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria. 4Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering Tech. Federal Polytechnic N’yak Shendam, Nigeria. 5Department of Electrical Engineering Tech. ATAP Bauchi, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
In this research, different types of waveform such as sinusoidal, triangular and rectangular waves, with few electronic component and a wide frequency range was designed and generated. Operational amplifiers can be employed to perform such tasks through astable multivibrators as square wave generator. PROTO and MULTISM were used in simulating the circuits. The square wave can be integrated to form triangular wave and sine waves respectively. However, the operational amplifier operates under certain conditions. In this paper, the integration method is employed. It involves the generation of square wave which is then integrated to give triangular wave, as the square ramp integrate to triangular mathematical functions, the triangular wave is then integrated to give sinusoidal wave. Voltage comparator was used between the inverting and non-inverting inputs of the op-amp. A capacitor was placed at the inverting input of the op-amp. All the three waveform were generated using the overall circuit.
Keywords: Op-amp, Multivibrator, sinusoidal waveform, integrator, feedback
POTENTIAL OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY APPLICATION IN NIGERIA
MOHAMMED T. N.; SANI M.; MAFE A.S; & OLANIYI K.O.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa.
Abstract
Geothermal energy is the heat that is stored inside the earth, which when transferred to the surface can be used by humans. Uses for geothermal energy range from its direct use with no transformation, to the generation of electricity using geothermal power plants. This article overview the potential of geothermal energy application in Nigeria with a view to harnessing it for future application and usage. Geothermal energy is generally regarded as environmentally friendly, sustainable and reliable. This makes geothermal energy a no-brainer in some places, but heavy upfront costs stops us from realizing the full potential. The level of influence geothermal power will have on the energy system in the future will be dependent on technological advancements, energy prices and politics (subsidies).
Keywords: Geothermal, Electricity, power, Energy, Heat.
SURVEY OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS FINGERLINGS PRODUCTION IN MAIDUGURI METROPOLIS
ABDULAZEEZ K. A.; YUSUFU, I. I.; AND M. WAZIRI
Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, Baga, Borno State.
Abstract
This study examined the production capacity of Clarias Gariepinus fingerlings in Maiduguri Metropolis. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the Clarias Gariepinus fingerlings producers (respondents) while a well-designed structured questionnaire was employed for the data collection. A total of 50 well-designed structured questionnaires were administered for data collection while descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data collected with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21.0). The results obtained showed that male constituted 74.0% which could be attributable to more interest from males than females (26.0%) while respondents who attained tertiary education constituted the highest percentage of 64.0% due to their awareness through radio, television and other media and the least educational attainment was non-formal (4.0%). It was observed from the scale of production in this study that producers with 4,000 and above of Clarias Gariepinus fingerlings constituted the highest percentage of 38.0% while the least scale of production was 3,001 – 4, 000 (18.0%). The results obtained from one-sample test showed that for production capacity was , for take-off funds while year (s) of experience had of ; higher values of the obtained indicated that a large difference exist between the production capacity, take-off funds and years of experience in fish farming. Lack of sufficient take-off capital, lack of technical know-how, unavailability of broodstocks, temperature change were some of the challenges faced by the respondents in this study while some respondents attributed effect of COVID-19 to low production which requires assistance from the government at all levels, international bodies (FAO), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and corporate organizations.
Keywords: Clarias Gariepinus, Fingerlings, Fish Farmers, Broodstocks and Production.
BIOETHANOL POTENTIALS FROM GUINEA CORN HUSK AND RICE HUSK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
ELINGE, COSMOS MOKI; ATIKU, FAROUQ ABUBAKAR; IGE, AYODEJI RAPHAEL; BIRNIN YAURI; ABUBAKAR UMAR; & MISITURA LAWAL
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
High rate of growth and easy availability of agro wastes has made it as vibrant newable carbon source for biofuel production. The present study was undertaken to screen the possibility of using guinea corn husk and rice husk as a substrate for bioethanol production by microbial fermentation using monocultures of Aspergillus niger and Zymomonas mobilis isolated from palm wine using acid hydrolysis with 2MH2SO4. Ethanol yield was (26.91cm3) from guinea corn husk and (18.35cm3) rice husk respectively was maximum at 120th hours and lowest (2.08cm3) and (4.83cm3) at 24 hours respectively.
Keywords: Bioethanol, Fermentation, Guinea Corn husk, Rice husk, Aspergellus Niger, Zymonoras mobililis
JAUNDICE AMELIORATIVE ACTIVITY OF F. ALBIDA METHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT
IBRAHIM BABANGIDA ABUBAKAR, ISAH MUSA FAKAI AND MARYAM IBRAHIM TUKUR*
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Jaundice is disease caused by accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, treating this type of ailment with medicinal plants have formed basis in folklore system which has a rapid growing economic importance. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo jaundice ameliorative activity of Faidherbia albida methanol stem bark extract. Hepatoprotective and hematological effect were assessed using standard laboratory procedures. Hepatoprotective effect of Faidherbia albida methanol stem bark extract revealed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. Moreover, serum total protein (TP) and serum bilirubin concentrations significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared to untreated control. However, a significant (P<0.05) increased in serum albumin (ALB) was observed in all extract treated groups compared to untreated control group. Similarly, red blood cells and hemoglobin concentrations significantly (P<0.05) increased, whereas white blood cells, mean cell volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin significantly (P<0.05) decreased in all the treated groups compared to untreated control group. In conclusion, the present study, indicated that Faidherbia albida methanol stem bark extract has some jaundice ameliorative potential, hence support the traditional use of this plant in treating jaundice.
Keywords: Jaundice, Faidherbia albida, In vivo, stem bark
ASSESSMENT OF USE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF MULTISTOREY CARPARKS IN ABUJA METROPOLIS
TIJANI, I. A.* AND LATEEF A. LAWAL
*Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State. Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The population of the world is continuously on the increase and towns and cities have grown up around their public transport system. Economic activities generate traffic as a result of intensified use of urban space thereby increasing demand for parking accommodation. This has indeed created the need for the design and construction of multistorey car park to cater for the accommodation of large volume of cars within the limited spaces in city centres. This study was designed to access the different designs used in Multistorey carparks in Abuja metropolis, in other to identify the most efficient parking designs for use by stakeholders. A descriptive survey method was adopted for the research, a structured observation schedule was utilized and questionnaires were also administered. Data obtained were documented and analyzed using Microsoft excel package and Statistical Package for Social Science. The findings of the study showed that the most used multistorey ramp designs in Abuja is the parallel, straight ramp design, due to its economical space utilization and lower cost of construction, even though the curve ramp design is known to be safer for drivers. The split -level floor system was found to be more space efficient and the most commonly constructed floor system compared to the sloping floor system. The results of the study suggest that for efficient space management a straight ramped type of multistorey carpark, with parallel ramped design is recommended. Although further research will need to be conducted in other to know the most secure multistorey carpark design for driver safety.
KEYWORDS: Multistorey carpark, Space utilization, Ramp design.
INTEGRATION OF FLEXIBLE DESIGN TECHNIQUES IN THE DESIGN OF A MIXED-USE BUILDING IN ABUJA CBD FCT.
ABDULSALAM M.* AND EZE, J. C.
*Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State. Nigeria
ABSTRACT
As the needs of owners and residents change, buildings often need to be refurbished, resulting in high costs during construction and loss of use of the building. Most new building projects are focused on a specific program for which they are perfectly suitable. However in these economically difficult times we need buildings that can easily adapt to changes in the market in order to prolong their durability. Combining living and working gives a lot of planning problems, because the two functions both need other qualities of a space. But living and working merge more and more together the last couple of decades. In addition to that the cycle of building and demolishing buildings is starting to become a big problem as well. This study develops a systematic approach to studying the properties of Analysis of expected changes in the facility constructed and specific design strategies that may increase significantly the flexibility or ability to adapt to changes in the building. Three types of changes to the building are in its function, the capacity of the system, and the environment and flow of people in and around the Building. Analysis of refurbishment to the project shows that the building needs more changes to all systems which means, structure, enclosures, services, interior finishes). Generally accepted, the difficulty of these modifications is determined by the interrelationships between the factors and system. Design strategies can provide specific means to change these interactions between systems. Easily and efficiently compensate for changes during later refurbishment. These design strategies increase the initial value Construction costs average less than 2%, usually reducing the original construction time and in most cases this strategy will reduce the initial construction cost by 2% for the first refurbishment.
KEYWORDS: Mixed used, Flexibility, adaptability, Design Strategies
IN VIVO ACTIVITY OF SOME PLANTS EXTRACTS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF FUNGAL DISEASES INFECTING CARROTS IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA
1RABIATU M. S, 2PROF S. MUHAMMAD, 2DR. MRS. H. SHEHU, 2 DR. A. S MUHAMMAD AND DR. 1AISHA U.
1Department of Biological Sciences, Sokoto State University, P.M.B 2134. Nigeria. 2Department of plant Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto State
ABSTRACT
Carrot, a very popular root vegetable in Nigeria, is often infected by diseases that could be harmful to the plants and consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vivo activity of Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Ricinus communis seed extracts on the management of fungal diseases on carrots. Carrot diseased samples were collected for fungal isolation and identification using standard procedures. The in vivo activity was determined using some agronomic parameters. The crude contents of the plants were extracted using ethanol solvent and applied on the fungi with high percentage of occurrence; Fusarium oxysporum. Carrot plants replicated in 3 polythene bags were treated with 20 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml, 140 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml with each of the extracts and watered with 250ml daily. Comparative analyses of heights of FOA, FOR and FOE at 10 days, 20 days, 30 days and 40 days as well as the significant effects of different interactions between the factors (plant-types, concentrations and days) implies that there is significant difference between the height of treatments and control positive. On the interaction effects “Plants*Concentrations”, control positive had the highest average height (22.92±4.62) mg, followed by FOAE (200mg) with average height of 19.17±3.24 mg as second. The result F=9.869 with p-value= 0.000<0.05 implies that there is significant difference between the number of branches of treatments (control positive, control negative, FOAE, FORE and FOEE) for different levels of concentrations (200mg, 140mg, 80mg and 20mg) at 5% level of significance. That, is the larger the concentration, the higher the number of branches of the treatments the larger the concentration, the higher weights of the treatments. The results F=1.987, p-value=0.047<0.05 for interaction effects “Concentrations*plants” show that the interaction effects difference of “Plants*Concentrations*Days” are statistically significant at 5%. The results of the in vivo activity recorded that, the ethanol extracts of A. indica at 200 mg/ml are effective in the management of fungal diseases of carrot.
Keywords: In vivo, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Ricinus communis